Abstract
BackgroundIn elderly individuals an increased muscle strength contributes to the diminution of the falls risk and associated adverse events. An increasing interest in lateral control exists due to the fatal consequences of postero-lateral falls. Therefore a proper assessment of frontal plane hip muscle strength in elderly is important but remains challenging.Therefore we aimed to investigate the feasibility and repeatability of a hip abductor and adductor maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and rate of force generation (RFG) test in elderly. This represents an initial step in the development process of a new and clinically relevant test that could lead to more specific treatment protocols for this population.MethodsIn this measurement focused study hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) MVIS and RFG were tested twice within one to three hours with a dynamometer fixed to a custom made frame in a geriatric population including fallers and non-fallers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined.ResultsAll recruited persons (N = 76; mean age (SD) 80.46 (7.05) years old) completed the tests. The average time needed to complete the strength tests was 10.58 min. (1.56) per muscle group. The reliability of the hip ABD and ADD was high with ICC’sagreement ranging from 0.83 to 0.97. The SDD varied between 18.1 and 81.8% depending on the muscle group and type of strength that was evaluated.ConclusionHip abductor and adductor strength measures in older person are feasible and reliable. However, the significance of moderate changes in these measurements may be limited by the large SDD and SEM. Therefore, physical therapist should be careful when using this measure for assessing the progress of an individual person in a daily clinical use.
Highlights
In elderly individuals an increased muscle strength contributes to the diminution of the falls risk and associated adverse events
The results of this study show that the measure of hip abductor and adductor strength in elderly people is practicable with a comparable good reliability in fallers and non-fallers
Even if the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)’sagreement were high, physical therapists should be careful when using this measure for assessing the progress of an individual person in a daily clinical use due to the high standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) [35]
Summary
In elderly individuals an increased muscle strength contributes to the diminution of the falls risk and associated adverse events. 50% of Swiss people older than 75 years live alone and most of them show a clinically relevant decline in their ability to execute daily life activities [1] These disabilities are linked to decreased physiological capabilities, such as diminished muscle strength and power production. Frontal plane hip muscles (abductors/adductors) play an important role during walking as these muscles are essential to control the head, arms and trunk during single leg stance phase. They further allow a proper swing foot placement after the swing phase [17, 18]. Lateral and postero-lateral falls have greater hip injury potential, including hip fractures, than falls in other directions [23,24,25]
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