Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) accounts for ~10% of all diabetes cases, and it is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and fates individuals to require insulin treatment to survive. The triggering of autoimmunity against betacells is caused by interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. Among the several loci associated with T1D, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR/DQ locus is the main genetic risk factor for T1D, accounting for 30-50% of genetic risk for this disease. Other genes have been associated with minor effects on T1D risk when compared with HLA, with different studies indicating that the effect of non-HLA polymorphisms on predisposition for T1D may be different according to HLA DR/DQ types. In this scenario, a recent study identified a minimum set of three polymorphisms (rs3104413, rs2854275, rs9273363) which can predict high-risk HLA-DR/DQ types relevant to T1D.
Highlights
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) accounts for ~10% of all diabetes cases, and it is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and fates individuals to require insulin treatment to survive
Other genes have been associated with minor effects on T1D risk when compared with human leukocyte antigen (HLA), with different studies indicating that the effect of non-HLA polymorphisms on predisposition for T1D may be different according to HLA DR/DQ types
Minor alleles frequencies of rs3104413, rs2854275, rs9273363 were increased in T1D patients as compared to non-diabetic subjects.The frequency of high-risk DR4-DQ8 type was 66.7% in T1D cases and 15.3% in controls (OR=11.059, 95%CI 6.68-18.29; P
Summary
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) accounts for ~10% of all diabetes cases, and it is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and fates individuals to require insulin treatment to survive. Among the several loci associated with T1D, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR/DQ locus is the main genetic risk factor for T1D, accounting for 30-50% of genetic risk for this disease. Other genes have been associated with minor effects on T1D risk when compared with HLA, with different studies indicating that the effect of non-HLA polymorphisms on predisposition for T1D may be different according to HLA DR/DQ types. In this scenario, a recent study identified a minimum set of three polymorphisms (rs3104413, rs2854275, rs9273363) which can predict high-risk HLA-DR/DQ types relevant to T1D
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