Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is accidentally becoming prevalent in Antarctica, one of the world’s most pristine regions. Anthropogenic as well as natural causes can result in heavy metal contamination. Each heavy metal has a different toxic effect on various microorganisms and species, which can interfere with other pollutant bioremediation processes. This study focused on the effect of co-contaminant heavy metals on waste canola oil (WCO) biodegradation by the BS14 bacterial community collected from Antarctic soil. The toxicity of different heavy metals in 1 ppm of concentration to the WCO-degrading bacteria was evaluated and further analyzed using half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and effective concentration (EC50) tests. The results obtained indicated that Ag and Hg significantly impeded bacterial growth and degradation of WCO, while interestingly, Cr, As, and Pb had the opposite effect. Meanwhile, Cd, Al, Zn, Ni, Co, and Cu only slightly inhibited the bacterial community in WCO biodegradation. The IC50 values of Ag and Hg for WCO degradation were found to be 0.47 and 0.54 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, Cr, As, and Pb were well-tolerated and induced bacterial growth and WCO degradation, resulting in the EC50 values of 3.00, 23.80, and 28.98 ppm, respectively. The ability of the BS14 community to tolerate heavy metals while biodegrading WCO in low-temperature conditions was successfully confirmed, which is a crucial aspect in biodegrading oil due to the co-contamination of oil and heavy metals that can occur simultaneously, and at the same time it can be applied in heavy metal-contaminated areas.
Highlights
Different types of heavy metalsGrowth exhibited different effects on bacterial growth and Interestingly, Figure shows that the presence of Cr,growth
Despite general concerns that other materials may affect turbidity. This indicates that the BS14 community used in this study is less sensitive to Pb than all values, samples were centrifuged for bacterial cell collection before measurement to minother types of heavy metals tested
The current research disclosed the impact of heavy metals on waste canola oil (WCO) degradation by the BS14 Antarctic bacterial community
Summary
Metals are defined by their elemental state physical properties, which include metallic lustre, and ability to lose electrons to produce positive ions, as well as to conduct heat and electricity. Metallic elements include transition metals, metalloids, lanthanides, and actinides. They are classified as heavy metals owing to their high atomic weight or density. Each heavy metal has a specific gravity ranging from 3.5 to 6 [1]. Metals have a broad array of uses and are vital to human society, which is dominated by industry
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