Evaluation of heavy metal availability in polluted soils by two sequential extraction procedures using factor analysis

Abstract

Superficial soil and grass samples from 13 locations affected by several anthropogenic sources (mining, metal factory, traffic emissions) were collected in Gipuzkoa, northern Spain. The more labile metal fractions, the mobile (extracted by 0.01 mol l −1 CaCl 2) and the mobilisable (extracted by 0.005 mol l −1 DTPA), were evaluated using a short sequential procedure with two steps. From the results a short-medium term potential lability of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb can be concluded. The labile levels were compared with the results obtained using the Tessier sequential procedure. Factor analysis was used to check the associations between the total metal contents in soil and grass, as well as between the levels of the different sequential fractions and the total content in grass. Cd, Cu and Zn labile levels were related to total metal grass contents indicating its suitability for the availability studies in polluted soil–plant system.