Evaluation of heat transfer by sublimation for the application to the divertor heat sink for high fusion energy conversion

Abstract

Thermal and structural responses of divertor target were evaluated by using finite element method. High heat flux simulating ELMs at the level of 100MW/m2 was assumed onto the tungsten armor, and surface temperature profile was obtained. When dynamic heat load over 100MW/m2 was applied, the maximum surface temperature exceeded 1300°C, and it caused recrystallization of tungsten regardless of the heat transfer below it. The result was used to conduct dynamic heat load experiment on tungsten, and material behavior of tungsten was evaluated under dynamic heat load. This study also proposed new concept of divertor heat sink which can distribute high heat flux and transfers the heat to high temperature medium. It consists of tungsten armor, composite enhanced with high thermal conductivity fiber, and heat transport system applying phase transition. High heat flux simulating ELMs was also applied to target surface of the divertor, temperature gradient, thermal stress of tungsten and composite were evaluated. Based on the results of analysis, thermal structural requirement was considered.