Abstract
This research uses a very-large amount of heart rate data (approximately 10 millions entries) collected on one million persons to investigate heart rate trends in daily life. Trends were examined regarding both human characteristics (gender, age, BMI), and environmental properties (hour of the day, day of the week, season). Concerning the relation between heart rate and gender, women’s heart rate trend was significantly lower compared to men’s. As for the relation between heart rate and age, on one hand, women’s heart rate tends to become lower with aging. On the other hand, men’s heart rate tends to keep increasing until the 50’s. Also, men’s heart rate is lower than women’s in the 10’s and 20’s, the trend becomes opposite from the 30’s. In the relation between heart rate and BMI (Body Mass Index), heart rate is significantly higher for users with higher BMI. Regarding diurnal fluctuation of heart rate, it has been confirmed to take its lowest between 3 A.M. and 6 A.M., then increasing regularly until the peak between noon and 3 P.M., after which it decreases during the evening through the night. As for in-week fluctuation, the trend of higher heart rate during the week and lower heart rate during week-ends and holidays has been comfirmed. Specialy, heart rate remarkably increases from Sunday to Monday. Finally, concerning seasonal fluctuation trend, heart rate is decreasing from summer to autumn, and is at his highest level in winter. The results of this research tend to correspond with previous studies that have been carried out on smaller samples and fewer subjects, demonstrating the credibilitay and validity of the data measured by our system. Moreover, on a public health point of view, we can say that it is important to take into account various human properties and spatio-temporal characteristics when having a comparative analysis of people’s health distribution. We think the knowledge obtained in this research can be applied practically to the whole society as an indication for health care and various diseases prevention.
Highlights
1.1 Social and Technological BackgroundJapan is entering a super aging society, the elderly who need medical care and nursing care rapidly increases, and the burden of medical care and nursing care expenses is expected to increase more and more
In the relation between heart rate and Body-Mass Index (BMI) (Body Mass Index), heart rate is significantly higher for users with higher BMI
The following five items were analyzed and compared with the results measured by dedicated equipment in previous research, and the reliability and validity of the data measured in this system were investigated: heart rate and gender/age, heart rate and BMI, heart rate diurnal fluctuation, heart rate in-week fluctuation, heart rate seasonal fluctuation
Summary
Japan is entering a super aging society, the elderly who need medical care and nursing care rapidly increases, and the burden of medical care and nursing care expenses is expected to increase more and more. According to statistics of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, from a study carried out in 2010 about the percentage of worries and stress in daily life, 46.5% of people are living with some stress (MHLW, 2010). In such social environment, in the future, it can be said that to treat at a medical institution after suffering from a disease and to grasp scientifically and manage their own health status daily, is very important for prevention. There are still few research examples that examined the trend of heart rate on long-term daily life such as weekly fluctuation of heart rate and seasonal fluctuation of heart rate
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