Abstract
Abstract In this paper the primary objective was to establish a new and robust mathematic model that can be used to estimate the hardness in the heat affected zone of manual metal arc welds of low alloyed steels. The mathematical model was checked using a large database of experimental data, containing data for more than 1600 runs. Beside the conventional approaches using carbon equivalent formula, very sensitive coefficients have been included in the model that take into account the smallest chemical influence on the materials, like the oxygen content in ppm or other different elements such as Ti that can have a significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welds. Also, the main welding parameters were considered in the mathematical model as primary variables and were combined with the chemical composition in a unitary formula.
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