Abstract
Various species of the genus Grewia have been investigated for different pharmaceutical applications as excipients, yet a study on the potential use of Grewia ferruginea mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent is lacking. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Grewia ferruginea mucilage (GFM) as a suspending agent in metronidazole benzoate suspension. The suspensions were prepared using 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v of GFM and compared with suspensions prepared from xanthan gum (XGM) and sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (SCMC) in similar concentrations. The prepared suspensions were evaluated for visual appearance, pH, rheology, sedimentation volume, redispersibility, degree of flocculation, and in vitro drug release profile. Stability study was done at different storage conditions for three months. The results indicated that all the prepared suspension formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow characteristics with viscosity imparting ability of the suspending agents in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC (p < 0.05). The flow rate and redispersibility of the formulations prepared with GFM were significantly lower than those with SCMC and higher than those prepared with XGM. At 0.5% w/v suspending agent concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations was in the order of XGM > GFM > SCMC (p < 0.05). However, at all other concentrations, the sedimentation volume of the formulations prepared with GFM had similar results with XGM but exhibited significantly higher sedimentation volume than SCMC. The formulations with GFM showed a higher degree of flocculation at 0.5% w/v concentration but were comparable at 1.5% w/v with XGM containing formulations. The pH, assay, and in vitro release profile of all assessed formulations were within the pharmacopial limit. Thus, based on the finding of this study, it can be concluded that Grewia ferruginea bark mucilage has the potential to be utilized as a suspending agent in suspension formulations.
Highlights
IntroductionSuspensions are dispersed systems where the solid state (internal phase) is dispersed in a liquid/semisolid dispersion medium or an external phase
Suspensions are dispersed systems where the solid state is dispersed in a liquid/semisolid dispersion medium or an external phase
Pure metronidazole benzoate (MB) exhibited the characteristic bands at 1464 cm-1 and 710.78 cm-1 that signifies the presence of the aromatic ring attributed to C-C vibrational modes
Summary
Suspensions are dispersed systems where the solid state (internal phase) is dispersed in a liquid/semisolid dispersion medium or an external phase. In the preparation of suspensions, it is important to consider the proper selection and application of additives suspending agents to maintain the stability and accurate dosing of the preparations [1, 2]. Suspending agents could be prepared from synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural origin. One potential natural source with suitable physicochemical properties for use as a suspending agent is Grewia Ferruginea Hochst ex A. Rich is one of the plant species of the genus Grewia, abundantly found in East Africa mainly in Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, and Kenya [4]. It is an indigenous plant to Ethiopia and found in most regions of the country: Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, and South Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions [5,6,7,8,9]
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