Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in small dairy plants in Jordan. In addition, the microbial product quality was used to assess the quality control practices in the production of concentrated yogurt (Labanah). The study was applied to 40 small dairy plants in the governorates of Irbid and Jerash, north of Jordan. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which consisted of a general information section besides two sections that addressed GMPs and the barriers to implementation of GMPs in the small dairy plants in Jordan. Assessment of GMPs was performed by using a structured questionnaire (checklist) that consisted of four sub-sections that addressed contemplating building, personnel, equipment, and food production. The mean overall score of implementation of GMPs in Irbid was 2.75, meaning that implementation of GMPs was low to moderate, while in Jerash it was 2.14, suggesting a low level of implementation of GMPs. Results showed that poor infrastructure and lack of financial resources were the most prominent obstacles to implementation of GMPs in the sample dairy plants in both governorates. The mean total counts of bacteria in the Labanah samples collected from the 40 dairy plants were 4.36 and 6.8 log 10 cfu/mL, respectively. All the Labanah samples showed negative results of salmonella and staphyllocccus . Contamination of the Labanah samples with yeast and molds, and coliform bacteria was an indicator of insufficient hygienic practices. Implementation of the food safety practices by the dairy producers is necessary. Keywords: Food safety, Labanah, Microbiological quality. DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/84-05
Highlights
The dairy products play an important role in the Jordanian diet
The current study found that the mean scores of implementation of good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in personnel hygiene and health in Irbid and Jerash were 2.85 and 2.0, respectively
The study highlighted the main challenges faced in implementation of GMPs by small dairy plants, the most prominent of which are poor infrastructure and lack of financial resources, in addition to difficulties concerning the personnel
Summary
The dairy products play an important role in the Jordanian diet. They are the lowest-price source of animal proteins. They contribute highly to subsistence of a wide number of producers and families in the peri -urban and rural areas (AOAD, 2003). The dairy industry plays an important role in the economy of Jordan. The dairy factories can be classified into modern dairy factories, manual dairy factories, and home processing factories. In Jordan, there are 25 modern factories and hundreds of small dairy plants scattered around the country, in the northern governorates, especially Irbid and Jerash
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