Abstract
Breeding for resistance to soybean red crown rot (Calonectria ilicicola) has long been hampered by the lack of genetic sources of adequate levels of resistance to use as parents. Mini core collections of soybean (Glycine max) originating from Japan (79 accessions), from around the world (80 accessions), and a collection of wild soybeans (Glycine soja) consisting 54 accessions were evaluated for resistance to C. ilicicola (isolate UH2-1). In the first two sets, average disease severity scores of 4.2 ± 0.28 and 4.6 ± 0.31 on a rating scale from zero for no symptom to 5.0 for seedling death were recorded from the set from Japan and the world. No high levels of resistance were observed in these two sets. On the other hand, disease severity score of 3.8 ± 0.35 for the wild soybean accessions was somewhat lower and exhibited higher levels of resistance compared to the soybean cultivars. Three accessions in the wild soybean collection (Gs-7, Gs-9, and Gs-27) had disease severity score ≤2.5 and showed >70% reduction in fungal growth in the roots compared to soybean control cv. “Enrei”. Further analysis using 10 C. ilicicola isolates revealed that accession Gs-9 overall had a wide range of resistance to all isolates tested, with 37% to 93% reduction in fungal growth relative to the cv. Enrei. These highly resistant wild soybean lines may serve as valuable genetic resources for developing C. ilicicola-resistant soybean cultivars.
Highlights
Soybeans (Glycine max) are an important source of vegetable protein and edible oil, and provide various nutrients and bioactive components with potential health benefits [1]
This study aimed to identify genetic sources of resistance to C. ilicicola in wild and cultivated soybean accessions to provide the genetic resources for developing C. ilicicola-resistant soybean cultivars and studies of the resistance mechanism
“Fukuyutaka”, the two major JMC varieties cultivated in the Hokuriku and the Kyuushu-Tokai regions of Japan, respectively
Summary
Soybeans (Glycine max) are an important source of vegetable protein and edible oil, and provide various nutrients and bioactive components with potential health benefits [1]. With an ever-growing population and stronger economies around the world, the demand for soybeans is rapidly increasing, and soybean global annual-production has remarkably increased over the last several decades: 100 Mt in 1987, 144 Mt 1997, 219 Mt in 2007, and 352.6 Mt in 2017 [2]. This increase has been closely associated with increase in seed yield; from 1.91 t ha−1 in 1987 to 2.85 t ha−1 in 2017 [2]. Cylindrocladium parasiticum) is one of the major limiting factors responsible for low soybean seed yield in Japan [3]
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