Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), one of traditional medicinal plants in Asia, was found to have pharmacological activities such as antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, raising the possibility for the development of a novel class of anti-cancer drugs. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of RVS in three short-term mutagenicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, in vitro Chromosomal aberration test, and the in vivo Micronucleus assay. In Ames test, the addition of RVS water extracts at doses from 313 up to 5000 mg/plate induced an increase more than 2-fold over vehicle control in the number of revertant colonies in TA98 and TA1537 strains for detecting the frame-shift mutagens. The similar increase in reversion frequency was observed after the addition of RVS ethanol extracts. To assess clastogenic effect, in vitro chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed using Chinese hamster lung cells and male ICR mice, respectively. Both water and ethanol extracts from RVS induced significant increases in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations mostly at concentrations showing the cell survival less than 60% as assessed by in vitro CA test. Also, there was a weak but statistically significant increase in number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in mice treated with water extract at 2000 mg/kg while ethanol extracts of RVS at doses of up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce any statistically significant changes in the incidence of MNPCEs. Therefore, our results lead to conclusion that RVS acts as a genotoxic material based on the available in vitro and in vivo results.
Highlights
Rhus verniciflua is a species of family Anacardiaceae that grows in regions of Korea, China and Japan
Ames assay of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS)
ATime, Chemical treatment time-recovery time. bGaps excluded; the mean aberrant metaphases on two slides from two different cultures; 100 metaphases were examined per culture. cRCC = (Cell counts of treated flask/Cell counts of untreated flask)×100. dχ2-test and Fisher’s exact test; **P < 0.01. eFisher’s exact test; **P < 0.01. fEMS, Ethylmethanesulfonate, dissolved in distilled water
Summary
Rhus verniciflua is a species of family Anacardiaceae that grows in regions of Korea, China and Japan. Several studies indicated that ethanol extracts of the plant have pharmacological activities such as antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects (Lee et al, 2002; Lim et al, 2001), implying that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) might con-. There have been no studies on the likely genotoxic effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS). Genotoxicity assays can be defined as in vitro and in vivo designed to detect compounds, which include genetic damage directly or indirectly by various mechanisms. The usual approach should be to carry out in the battery of in vitro and in vivo assays for genotoxicity. The following standard battery for genotoxicity testing for pharmaceuticals is recommended (ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline, 1997): 1) Assay for gene mutation in bacteria; 2) An in vitro assay of cyto-
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
