Abstract
Platostoma palustre (Pp) jelly is a traditional food. Pp has been used as folk medicine and is effective against heat-shock, hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic extracts of Pp’ genotoxicity. The ethanolic extracts of Pp by using 40% ethanol for extraction. Evaluation of genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of Pp by micronucleus assay was performed in vivo. During the in vivo genotoxicity-evaluated experiment, the experimental animal’s clinical behavior, body weight (BW), food consumption, and the percentage of RET/RBCs (reticulocytes/red blood cells) and MN-RET/RETs (micronucleated reticulocytes/reticulocytes) after the treatments of Pp ethanolic extracts were evaluated. Both sexes Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were given three daily treatments by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg of mitomycin C (genotoxicity induction) or by oral route of 200 μL of PBS (normal control group). Until 48 h after the last treatment, K2-EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood specimens were collected. These blood samples were processed for the microscopy-based analysis using Giemsa stain and the percentage of reticulocytes and micronucleated reticulocytes was determined. The results were shown that the experimental animal’s clinical behaviors were normal in all groups. The BW and food consumption were no significant difference between all groups. RET/RBCs (‰) in male or female ICR mice in the negative control group, the normal control group, the high dose of Pp ethanolic extract group, the middle dose of Pp ethanolic extract group, and the low dose of Pp ethanolic extract group were respectively 7.8 ± 0.8 / 8.6 ± 0.8, 23.2 ± 1.5 / 22.1 ± 1.3, 22.8 ± 1.6 / 22.1 ± 1.7, 23.2 ± 1.5 / 22.6 ± 1.0 and 22.2 ± 1.9 / 23.9 ± 1.9; MN-RET/RETs (‰) in male or female ICR mice in the negative control group, the normal control group, the high dose of Pp ethanolic extract group, the middle dose of Pp ethanolic extract group, and the low dose of Pp ethanolic extract group were 2.0 ± 0.0 / 2.0 ± 0.0, 43.2 ± 10.6 / 39.6 ± 10.9, 1.8 ± 0.4 / 1.6 ± 0.5, 1.6 ± 0.5 / 1.4 ± 0.5, and 1.8 ± 0.4 / 1.6 ± 0.5, respectively. Both RET/RBCs (‰) and MN-RET/RETs (‰) in male or female ICR mice in the negative control group were significantly difference than the other groups (p < 0.001). Taken all results together, Pp ethanolic extracts were without genotoxicity. Therefore, Pp ethanolic extracts were safety.
Highlights
In recent years, factors such as changes in people’s health concepts, changes in living habits, emphasis on dietary intake, the promotion of alternative medical concepts, and advances in life science and technology have promoted the vigorous development of today’s health food industry
Evaluation of genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of Platostoma palustre (Pp) by micronucleus assay was performed in vivo
We suggested that the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay is used for the detection of damage induced by the test substance to the chromosomes of erythroblasts [20-23]
Summary
Factors such as changes in people’s health concepts, changes in living habits, emphasis on dietary intake, the promotion of alternative medical concepts, and advances in life science and technology have promoted the vigorous development of today’s health food industry. Due to the gradual aging of the world and the rising market demand in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, it is estimated that the functional food market is promising. Platostoma palustre (Pp) is an annual plant that is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Taiwan, Indonesia, Vietnam, southern China, and Burma [1-6]. Pp has been verified that possessed many functional compounds such as polysaccharides (gum) with a unique aroma and texture, sterol compounds, stigmasterol, α-sitosterol, tripterpene compounds, oleanolic acid, volatile compounds (caryophyllene oxide, α-caryophyllene, eugenol, benzene acetaldehyde, and 2,3-butanedione etc), essential oil (n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid), volatile oil (chavibetol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and α-cadinol), and ursolic acid [7-10]. Theses functional compounds of Platostoma palustre have indicated that many biological effects are effective against and attenuating the metabolic syndrome, heat-shock, hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, muscle and/or joint pains, hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidant activity, free radical scavenging effects, acute and chronic hepatitis, and caner growth [11-13]. Whether the safety of Pp should be evaluated, especially genotoxicity
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