Abstract
Commercial probiotics preparation containing Bacillus coagulans have been sold in the market for several decades. Due to its high intra-species genomic diversity, it is very likely that B. coagulans strain may alter in different ways over multiple years of production. Therefore, the present study focuses to evaluate the genetic consistency and probiotic potential of B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Phenotypic and genotypic techniques including biochemical profiling, 16S rRNA sequencing, GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprinting, and Multi-Locus-Sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to evaluate the identity and consistency of the B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Further, in vitro probiotic potential, safety and stability at ambient temperature conditions of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 were evaluated. All the samples were identified as B. coagulans by biochemical profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing. GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprints and MLST studies revealed that the same strain was present over 3 years of commercial production. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed resistance to gastric acid, bile salt and exhibited antimicrobial activity in in-vitro studies. Additionally, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was found to be non-mutagenic, non-cytotoxic, negative for enterotoxin genes and stable at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for 36 months. The data of the study verified that the same strain of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was present in commercial preparation over multiple years of production.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The traditional use of probiotics in dairy products for human consumption has a long history in several parts of the world
Colonies from B. coagulans MTCC 5856 samples were grown on GYE media, yielding uniform, 1–3 mm in diameter, white to cream, smooth colonies (Fig. 1b) that contain vegetative rod shaped cells (Fig. 1b)
The results showed that all colonies isolated from five different samples had an identical phenotype, consistent with the phenotype of B. coagulans (Table S1)
Summary
The traditional use of probiotics in dairy products for human consumption has a long history in several parts of the world. The most commonly used bacterial genera in probiotic preparations are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Streptococcus. There are number of probiotics strains used in dietary supplements and foods worldwide. The contents of commercial probiotics intended for both human and animal use are often not accurately represented on their labels. Several studies conducted independently revealed that a large percentage of products did not contain the specified organisms, contained other species of organisms, or did not contain the stated numbers of organisms (Hamilton-Miller and Shah 2002; Weese 2002; Hughes and Hillier 1990; Gilliland et al 1984; Canganella et al 1997).
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