Abstract
Tomato is very significant and full of nutrition vegetable crop. It is enriched with vitamin a and C, lycopene, and protects from prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Tomato wilt disease (TWD) caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is a serious threat to tomato crop in Pakistan and spreading to those areas in which it was not previously present. The current research was planned to evaluate the fungi-toxic activity of fungicides against F. oxysporum in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Four fungicides which include Carbendazim, Benomyl, Curzate and Nativo, at 500ppm, 750ppm and 1000ppm concentrations, were evaluated using food poison technique. The overall results showed that all fungicides significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, however, Nativo proved to be best followed by Carbendazim, Benomyl at all concentrations. The reduction in colony growth of pathogen gradually increased by increasing the fungicide concentration. Two fungicides, Nativo and Carbendazim and their concentrations 750 and 1000 ppm, which proved to be effective in laboratory conditions, also evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Both fungicides effectively controlled TWD under greenhouse conditions. The present research revealed that Nativo and Carbendazim at 750 and 1000 ppm concentrations are effective against Fol, thus may be included in management strategy of TWD.
Highlights
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is among the world's most widely farmed and consumed vegetable crops, and it is thought to be the world's second most important vegetable after potato (Saeed et al, 2014)
Tomatoes are being consumed as fresh fruit and salad, as well as several other products, such as tomato juice, tomato sauce, soup, and even a variety of other foods, are made from tomatoes (Alam et al, 2007: Bhowmik et al, 2012). It is grown in 145 countries including Turkey, China, India, United States, and Egypt which are the major tomato-producing countries in the global economy It is farmed on 58.4 thousand hectares in Pakistan, yielding 0.55 million tonnes / ha per year (FAOSTAT, 2019)
Nativo showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mycelial inhibition at all concentrations at 3rd, 6th and 9th day of colony growth followed by Carbendazim, Benomyl and Curzate (Figure 3)
Summary
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is among the world's most widely farmed and consumed vegetable crops, and it is thought to be the world's second most important vegetable after potato (Saeed et al, 2014). Tomatoes are being consumed as fresh fruit and salad, as well as several other products, such as tomato juice, tomato sauce, soup, and even a variety of other foods, are made from tomatoes (Alam et al, 2007: Bhowmik et al, 2012) It is grown in 145 countries including Turkey, China, India, United States, and Egypt which are the major tomato-producing countries in the global economy It is farmed on 58.4 thousand hectares in Pakistan, yielding 0.55 million tonnes / ha per year (FAOSTAT, 2019). The United States is the leading producer of tomato with 96.80 tons per hectare yield, followed by China, Egypt, India, and Pakistan 59.25 t/ha, 40.96 t/ha, 24.65 t/ha, and 9.44 t/ha respectively (GOP, 2018). The aerial mycelia of Fusariumoxysporum are round and white at first, turn to pale pink (Nizamani et al, 2020)
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