Evaluation of fully oxidised β-carotene as a feed ingredient to reduce bacterial infection and somatic cell counts in pasture-fed cows with subclinical mastitis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aims To assess the effect of oral supplementation with fully oxidised β-carotene (OxBC) on bacteriological cure, the incidence of clinical mastitis, and somatic cell counts (SCC) in pasture-fed cows with subclinical intramammary infection. Methods Cows from four dairy herds were enrolled in early lactation if they had quarter-level SCC >200,000 cells/mL and they had a recognised bacterial intramammary pathogen in one or more quarters. They were randomly assigned to be individually fed from Day 0, for a mean of 40 days, with 0.5 kg of a cereal-based supplementary feed that either contained 300 mg of OxBC (treatment; n = 129 quarters) or did not (control; n = 135 quarters). Quarter-milk samples were collected on Days 21 and 42 for microbiology and SCC assessment. Bacteriological cure was defined as having occurred when the bacteria present on Day 0 were not isolated from samples collected on Days 21 or 42. A new intramammary infection was defined as a bacterial species isolated either on Day 21 or 42 differing from that isolated on Day 0. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed and recorded by herdowners up to Day 42. Results The bacteriological cure rate was greater for quarters from cows in the treatment group (13.9 (95% CI = 4.1–23.7)%) than for cows in the control group (6.9 (95% CI = 4.8–9.1)%; p = 0.02). The percentage of quarters that developed a new intramammary infection at Day 21 or 42 was greater for cows in the treatment group (17.9 (95% CI = 6.7–29.1)%) than for cows in the control group (13.0 (95% CI = 4.3–21.8)%; p < 0.01). The prevalence of quarters that were infected on Day 42 was less in cows in the treatment group (79.9 (95% CI = 62.3–97.6)%) than the control group (88.2 (95% CI = 78.4–97.9)%; p = 0.009). The incidence of quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis by Day 42 was lower in cows from the treatment group (1/129 (0.78 (95% CI = 0.02–4.24)%)) than in cows from the control group (6/135 (4.44 (95% CI = 1.65-9.42)%; p = 0.03)). Mean quarter-level SCC was not statistically different between treatment groups (p = 0.34). Conclusions and clinical relevance Feeding 300 mg/cow/day of OxBC resulted in a higher bacteriological cure rate, a lower prevalence of intramammary infection, and a lower incidence of clinical mastitis compared to untreated controls. However new intramammary infections increased in treated cows, and the magnitude of the increased bacteriological cure was low, resulting in 80% of cows remaining infected at Day 42. Therefore treatment with OxBC should be considered as an adjunct to other mastitis control measures.