Abstract
Vaccination is the best way to prevent economic losses from highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-PRRSV) disease. However, the commercially available vaccines need to periodically evaluate their efficacy against infections caused by new hp-PRRSV variants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four (two modified live vaccines (MLV) and two inactivated) PRRSV commercial vaccines in piglets challenged with QH-08 and to estimate the genetic distance of the vaccine strains from recently isolated (QH-08) filed strain. Randomly, piglets (n = 5) allocated in groups 1–4 were immunized with Ingelvac PRRS MLV, CH-1a, JXA1, and JXA1-RMLV vaccines, whereas the infected and non-infected control piglets in groups 5 and 6 (n = 3), respectively, were subjected to PBS. Results indicated that JXA1 and JXA1-R MLV vaccines showed complete protection, but Ingelvac PRRS MLV and CH-1α vaccines revealed partial protection against the QH-08 PRRSV challenge. Similarly, vaccinated and challenged pigs showed lower macroscopic and microscopic lesions than the pigs in group 5. Our findings demonstrated a new insight that the variation in ORF1a and 1b coding sequence could significantly affect PRRSV vaccines efficacy. In conclusion, QH-08 is a good candidate for the design and development of an innovative PRRSV vaccine that ultimately helps in the control and prevention strategies.
Highlights
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious swine disease, characterized by acute respiratory distress in piglets and reproductive failure in sows leading to tremendous economic losses worldwide [1]
To further improve the performance of the commercial vaccines and depth of the immune responses, our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of four (two modified live vaccines (MLV) and two inactivated) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) commercial vaccines in piglets challenged with QH-08 PRRSV isolate and to estimate the genetic distance of the vaccine strains from recently isolated (QH-08) field strain
The obtained nucleotide and amino acid sequences in this study were vaccine strains versus field strains originated from 14 countries from 1991 to 2018, the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships between the reference QH-08 field strain and the selected vaccine strains based on entire genome nucleotides and ORF1a and 1bs, ORF2-7 amino acid sequence (Table 1), with other strains originated from different countries (Figures S1–S3)
Summary
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious swine disease, characterized by acute respiratory distress in piglets and reproductive failure in sows leading to tremendous economic losses worldwide [1]. The etiological agent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped single-positivestranded RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae [2,3,4]. 1a-1b, ORFs 2–7 (viral structural proteins GP2, E, GP3, GP4, ORF5a, ORF5, M, and N) [5]. The PRRSV virion possesses a nucleocapsid containing the viral genome covered by a lipid envelope encompassing the structural protein E, GP2, GP3, GP4, ORF5a protein, GP5, and. Based on the degree of pathogenicity, PRRSV is divided into classical PRRSV (CPRRSV), special mutant PRRSV (M-PRRSV), and highly pathogenic PRRSV (hp-PRRSV) PRRSV comprised type 1 (PRRSV-1) and type 2 (PRRSV-2); recently, PRRSV-1 was taxonomically classified into the species Betaarterivirus suid 1 and PRRSV-2 into the species Betaarterivirus suid 2.PRRSV genotype types 1 and 2 [6,7], into biologically new hierarchical classification, as Betaarterivirus suid 1 species and Betaarterivirus suid
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