Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate deflection forces of rectangular orthodontic wires in conventional (MorelliTM), active (In-Ovation RTM) and passive (Damon 3MXTM) self-ligating brackets. Material and Methods:Two brands of stainless steel and nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires (MorelliTM and GACTM), in addition to OrmcoTM copper-nickel-titanium wires were used. Specimens were assembled in a clinical simulation device especially designed for this study and tested in an Instron universal testing machine. For the testing procedures, an acrylic structure representative of the maxillary right central incisor was lingually moved in activations of 0 to 1 mm, with readings of the force released by deflection in unloading of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 mm at a constant speed of 2 mm/min. Inter-bracket forces with stainless steel, NiTi and CuNiTi were individually compared by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s tests. Results: Results showed that there were lower forces in conventional brackets, followed by active and passive self-ligating brackets. Within the brands, only for NiTi wires, the MorelliTM brand presented higher forces than GACTM wires. Conclusions:Bracket systems provide different degrees of deflection force, with self-ligating brackets showing the highest forces.
Highlights
The aim of the study was to evaluate deflection forces of rectangular orthodontic wires in conventional (MorelliTM), active (In-Ovation RTM) and passive (Damon 3MXTM) self-ligating brackets
With the development of metallurgy, NiTi wires with properties of improved superelasticity and shape memory have been created
This work aimed to study one of the factors that influences treatment efficiency: the force released by deflection of orthodontic wires routinely used in the orthodontic clinic, associated to conventional and self-ligating brackets
Summary
The aim of the study was to evaluate deflection forces of rectangular orthodontic wires in conventional (MorelliTM), active (In-Ovation RTM) and passive (Damon 3MXTM) self-ligating brackets. One of the alloys with such a feature is the nickel-titanium (NiTi) one, which has advantageous characteristics; for instance, good elasticity and low stiffness, compared to stainless steel wire. These factors make it interesting for the early stages of treatment. Due to incorporation of copper, those wires have more thermoactive properties than superelastic NiTi wires and allow acquisition of an optimal force system with a more precise control of tooth movement, enabling quantification and application of load levels appropriate to orthodontic treatment purposes.[2,3] Choosing the best treatment protocol for patients, with efficient results and without causing damage to patients, ensures treatment success. The correct wire sequence is a very important factor in this regard
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