Abstract
Background and aims. The purpose of this study was to evaluate initial force and force decay of commercially available elastomeric ligatures and elastomeric separators in active tieback state in a simulated oral environment.Materials and methods. A total of 288 elastomeric ligatures and elastomeric separators from three manufacturers (Dentaurum, RMO, 3M Unitek) were stretched to 100% and 150% of their original inner diameter. Force levels were measured initially and at 3-minute, 24-hour, and 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-week intervals. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey test.Results. The means of initial forces of elastomeric ligatures and separators from three above-mentioned companies, when stretched to 100% of their inner diameters, were 199, 305 and 284 g, and 330, 416, 330 g; when they were stretched to 150% of their inner diameters the values were 286, 422 and 375 g, and 433, 540 and 504 g, respectively. In active tieback state, 11-18% of the initial force of the specimens was lost within the first 3 minutes and 29-63% of the force decay occurred in the first 24 hours; then force decay rate decreased. 62-81% of the initial force was lost in 4 weeks. Although force decay pattern was identical in all the products, the initial force and force decay of Dentaurum elastomeric products were less than the similar products of other companies (P<0.05). Under the same conditions, the force of elastomeric separators was greater than elastomeric ligatures of the same company.Conclusion. Regarding the force pattern of elastomeric ligatures and separators and optimal force for tooth movement, many of these products can be selected for applying orthodontic forces in active tieback state.
Highlights
After introduction of elastomeric ligatures three decades ago to tie archwires to brackets, Bennet and McLaughlin proposed the use of elastomeric ligatures for moving tooth and closingJODDD, Vol 9, No 4 Autumn 2015 space in active tieback or active ligature state.[1,2] In passive tieback the ligature wire extends from the molar band to archwire hook but in active tieback, the ligature wire extends from the elastomeric ligature in the molar band hook to archwire hook for delivery of force for space closure.[3]
By stretching the elastomeric ligatures and separators and measuring their initial force and comparing the results with the proper forces suggested for tooth movement (150‒200 gm),[3] the products were selectively stretched to 100% and 150% of their initial inner diameter
The resisual forces in elastomeric separators stretched to 100% and 150% of their inner diameter were 156‒234 g and 217‒270 g after 24 hours, respectively
Summary
After introduction of elastomeric ligatures three decades ago to tie archwires to brackets, Bennet and McLaughlin proposed the use of elastomeric ligatures (modules) for moving tooth and closingJODDD, Vol 9, No 4 Autumn 2015 space in active tieback or active ligature state.[1,2] In passive tieback the ligature wire extends from the molar band to archwire hook but in active tieback, the ligature wire extends from the elastomeric ligature in the molar band hook to archwire hook for delivery of force for space closure.[3]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate initial force and force decay of commercially available elastomeric ligatures and elastomeric separators in active tieback state in a simulated oral environment. 11‒18% of the initial force of the specimens was lost within the first 3 minutes and 29‒63% of the force decay occurred in the first 24 hours; force decay rate decreased. Force decay pattern was identical in all the products, the initial force and force decay of Dentaurum elastomeric products were less than the similar products of other companies (P
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