Abstract
By incorporating a rhodamine spirolactam structure as the recognition site for Cu2+, two novel probes were synthesized through a connection of rhodamine 6G acylhydrazine and 5-formyl-6-hydroxyl-4-methylcoumarin/2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. In the recognition process of probes towards Cu2+, the spirolactam ring exhibited opening and closing, accompanying an instant and specific change in fluorescence and in color, which could also achieve a naked-eye and semiquantitative recognition of aqueous Cu2+ besides the fluorescent Cu2+ detection method. Fluorescent analyses and ECV304 cell imaging further revealed the probes’ good optical stability, instant response, low toxicity, and membrane permeability, which offers future possibilities for the probes’ instant detection and the real-time tracking of Cu2+ in biological systems.
Highlights
As an abundantly existing element with the highest concentration occurring in the brain [1], copper [2,3] is an active participant in the human body and its abnormal changes have been proven to be connected with a number of neurodegenerative diseases [4,5]
Spirolactam ring in J6/J7-Cu2+, which implied that J6/J7 showed a high selectivity for Cu2+
Before and after Cu2+ addition, the J6/J7 solution exhibited an obvious and rhodamine-characteristic color change from colorless J6/J7 to the rhodamine red with an open spirolactam ring in J6/J7-Cu2+, which implied that J6/J7 showed a high selectivity for Cu2+
Summary
As an abundantly existing element with the highest concentration occurring in the brain [1], copper [2,3] is an active participant in the human body and its abnormal changes have been proven to be connected with a number of neurodegenerative diseases [4,5]. Apart from the highly qualitative Cu detection, the synthesized two probes possessed good quantitative relationship and steady combination synthesized two probes possessed good quantitative relationship and steady combination with Cu2+ in a relatively wide concentration range, at different pH values, but in with Cu2+ in a relatively wide concentration range, at different pH values, but in time-lapse environments. Their good qualitative and quantitative relationships offer the time-lapse environments. Probes a practical value for instant detection and time-lapse tracking of intracellular Cu2+. Probes a practical value for instant detection and time-lapse tracking of intracellular Cu in biological systems.
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