Abstract
BackgroundThe role of rapid testing has proven vital in reducing infection incidence in communities through swift identification and isolation of infected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly catastrophic for residential carceral and rehabilitation facilities that are high-risk settings for transmission of contagious diseases. Centralized provider-based viral testing employing conventional diagnostic techniques is labor-intensive and time-consuming. There is a marked unmet need for quick, inexpensive, and simple viral testing strategies. We hypothesized that rehabilitation residents could successfully test themselves employing inexpensive, disposable, antigen-based influenza lateral-flow tests and would be willing to self-isolate and self-report to health authorities if positive.MethodsWe evaluated self-testing among 50 rehabilitation residents ages 18 and older in Pomona, California, where participants self-administered influenza lateral-flow diagnostic test (without specimen collection) with the goal of appropriately observing a control line and completed two brief written surveys on self-testing and COVID-19, one before self-administering the lateral-flow test and one after, to determine the overall feasibility of viral self-testing and to characterize attitudes comparing self-testing and provider-based testing.FindingsA total of 50 rehabilitation residents were enrolled in this study and all 50 conducted a lateral-flow test and answered the provided surveys. Among the participants, 96% (48 of 50) achieved a positive-control line from their lateral-flow test. Most participants, 83% (34 of 41) indicated that they would prefer to perform their own rapid test instead of having a health care provider administer the test. Notably, 98% (49 of 50) indicated that they would self-isolate if the lateral-flow test returned a positive indicator suggesting the presence of a viral infection and 96% (48 of 50) would report positive results to their corresponding public health department.InterpretationResidents in a residential rehabilitation center were widely able to successfully self-administer standard lateral-flow antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits. Self-testing was strongly preferred over tests administered by a healthcare provider. Reassuringly, almost every resident indicated that they would report any positive test result to the health department and self-isolate accordingly. Self-testing offers a promising adjunct to centralized testing, potentially better enabling swift and effective management of life-threatening infectious outbreaks among those living in high-risk congregate living settings.
Highlights
Viral illness can be catastrophic for nursing homes, residential rehabilitation centers, and prisons because these communities face an unusually elevated risk as airborne viruses spread efficiently through indoor spaces
Survey answers measuring self-testing attitudes and opinions before conducting a self-test Among 50 participating rehabilitation residents enrolled in the study 48 (96%) reported achievement of a positive control line on the OSOM® influenza lateral-flow test
48 of the 50 (96%) indicated that they would report the positive results to the corresponding public health authority (Fig. 2)
Summary
Viral illness can be catastrophic for nursing homes, residential rehabilitation centers, and prisons because these communities face an unusually elevated risk as airborne viruses spread efficiently through indoor spaces. QPCR assays require a minimum of 3–4 h from sampling to evaluation and test results are typically provided from 24 to 72 h later (Döhla et al, 2020). These traditional testing modalities require expensive laboratory equipment not available to community residential centers. The COVID-19 pandemic has been catastrophic for residential carceral and rehabilitation facilities that are high-risk settings for transmission of contagious diseases. We hypothesized that rehabilitation residents could successfully test themselves employing inexpensive, disposable, antigen-based influenza lateral-flow tests and would be willing to self-isolate and self-report to health authorities if positive
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