Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess eye pain between dry eye (DE) subtypes using questionnaires and the PainVision® (Osachi) apparatus. This study involved 52 eyes of 52 DE patients with eye pain (43 females and 9 males; mean age: 64.2 ± 13.2 (mean ± SD) years) who were classified into three DE subtypes (aqueous deficient DE (ADDE); decreased wettability DE (DWDE); and increased evaporation DE (IEDE)) based on fluorescein breakup pattern. In all subjects, severity of eye pain was evaluated using PainVision®, the DE-symptom-questionnaire visual analog scale (DSQ-VAS), and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2). The severity of eye pain was compared between the three DE subtypes. PainVision® findings revealed greater severity of eye pain in ADDE and DWDE than in IEDE (p < 0.05, respectively), despite no difference being found in each questionnaire. A significant correlation was found between eye pain in DSQ-VAS and continuous pain, intermittent pain, neuropathic pain, and total pain in SF-MPQ-2 (R = 0.50, 0.49, 0.47, and 0.56, respectively) (all: p < 0.001). Greater severity of eye pain was found in ADDE and DWDE than in IEDE, and PainVision® was found useful for the objective assessment of eye pain.
Highlights
According to the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) definition of dry eye (DE), it is defined as “a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage” [1].In the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS DEWSII) definition of DE, it is defined as “a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles” [2]
Of those subtypes, the latter two constitute short-breakup time (BUT) type DE (SBUTDE), which is characterized by shorter BUT with no or minimal involvement of decreased tear volume and ocular surface epithelial damage. These DE classifications are based on tear film dynamics, with each fluorescein breakup patterns (FBUPs) reflecting deficient components of the ocular surface: ADDE is caused by the deficiency of aqueous tears, decreased wettability DE (DWDE) is caused by the deficiency of membrane associated mucins, and increased evaporation DE (IEDE) is caused by the deficiency of the tear film lipid layer and secretory mucins
fluorescein breakup time (FBUT) was significantly shorter in DWDE than in IEDE
Summary
According to the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) definition of dry eye (DE), it is defined as “a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage” [1].In the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS DEWSII) definition of DE, it is defined as “a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles” [2]. ADES classifies DE into three categories (i.e., aqueous deficient DE (ADDE), decreased wettability DE (DWDE), and increased evaporation DE (IEDE)), which are differentially diagnosed through the classification of fluorescein breakup patterns (FBUPs) [3,4,5] Of those subtypes, the latter two constitute short-breakup time (BUT) type DE (SBUTDE), which is characterized by shorter BUT with no or minimal involvement of decreased tear volume and ocular surface epithelial damage. These DE classifications are based on tear film dynamics, with each FBUP reflecting deficient components of the ocular surface: ADDE is caused by the deficiency of aqueous tears, DWDE is caused by the deficiency of membrane associated mucins, and IEDE is caused by the deficiency of the tear film lipid layer and secretory mucins. It should be noted that there are some reports of new devices that can be focused on the evaluation of tear dynamics [7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
