Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters through the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions

Zabihollah Yousefi,Reza Ali Mohammadpour,Alireza Ala,Esmaeil Babanezhad

doi:10.15171/ehem.2019.28

Zabihollah Yousefi, Reza Ali Mohammadpour + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2019.28

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Abstract

Background: There are many concerns about the migration of phthalates into bottled water. These compounds are hazardous to consumers. In this study, the risk factors of the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions were examined. Methods: Phthalate esters were measured and analyzed using air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (AALLME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the risk of exposure to the desired compounds was evaluated by calculating the risk factor and excess cancer risk. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Results: The average concentration of phthalate esters (DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP) after 5 and 15 days of storage at incubator temperature of 42°C, and after 15, 45, and 75 days at incubator temperature of 25°C by increasing the initial level of the conditions was 7.28, 8.99, 1.78, 5.6, 6.45, and 8.55 ppb, respectively. The risk factor of non-carcinogenic effects of phthalates for consumers was low and can be ignored (HQ<1). Also, the risk of additional cancer due to the presence of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in bottled water is very low (4.8551×10-6). Conclusion: However, due to the increase in the concentration of phthalate esters in bottled water by increasing the storage time and temperature, as well as increasing the ethylene hexyl phthalate content from its established limit, the use of bottled water kept in unsuitable conditions for the society, and especially the sensitive groups, is not appropriate

Highlights

Every year in the world more than 1.8 million people die from water-borne diseases, and these diseases have become the most common and important causes of mortality [1,2]
The drinking water bottles that were exposed to a temperature of 25°C for 75 days were kept at an average concentration of phthalate esters (DEP> diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)> diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)> DBP> dimethyl phthalate (DMP)) of 8.55 ppb
The levels of DEHP increased compared to other phthalate esters at higher temperatures and storage times, and its concentration was less than that after 5-day storage period and at lower temperatures compared to other phthalates

Summary

Introduction

Every year in the world more than 1.8 million people (mostly children) die from water-borne diseases, and these diseases have become the most common and important causes of mortality [1,2]. Concerns about the quality of water plumbing, the lack of water in different areas, especially during warm years, the presence of adverse compounds due to disinfection of water, and changes in consumer habits, especially in recent years, are due to the increased use of bottled water in the world [3]. The risk factors of the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions were examined. Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters through the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions.

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