Abstract
In the present study, botanicals (11 nos.) were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent (mid-polar) and evaluated for their fumigant toxicity and repellent activity at 5% concentration against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in comparison with Acorus calamus.The results revealed that all the botanicals were effective against Sitophilus oryzae compared to untreated control. Mentha spicata 5% ethyl acetate extract exhibited 83.33% fumigant toxicity after 72 hours of treatment with maximum repellency rate of 76.11%. Ocimum sanctum displayed 80.00% fumigant toxicity with the repellency rate of 76.11% and grouped under Class IV. Vitex negundo 5% treatment caused 83.33% fumigant toxicity, and it was statistically on par with the M. spicata and the repellency rate was 72.78 against S. oryzae. Curcuma longa caused effective repellency rate of 75.56% and was grouped under Class IV. Hence, it is concluded that 5% ethyl acetate extract of M. spicata, V. negundo and O.sanctum were toxic against S. oryzae in stored maize.
Highlights
Plant metabolites can be classified into two main classes, primary and secondary metabolites
Plant vital compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activity against crop pests and may act as contact insecticides, oviposition deterrents, antifeedants, repellents, fumigants or they can influence the behavior and growth rate of insect pests
The results revealed that all the botanicals exhibited toxicity against S. oryzae compared to untreated check and acetone control, while the treated check Acorus calamus was efficient than the treatments
Summary
Plant metabolites can be classified into two main classes, primary and secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, glycoside, phenols, tannins etc., which play a significant role in plant defense and cause behavioral and physiological effects on insects. Regarding S. oryzae, both grub and adults of rice weevils cause damage to the grain. They are internal feeders, and the entire development cycle occurs within the kernel. Adults can fly and distribute themselves throughout a storage facility because of their flight ability They may infest grain while the crop is still standing in the field, especially if the harvest is delayed and mild temperatures. The prevention of losses in stored products due to insects is of paramount importance
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