Abstract
BackgroundDermestes maculatus is a destructive pest of smoked-dried fish. Due to its implications, this research was aimed at investigating the insecticidal activities of edible plant extracts on smoked Clarias gariepinus as protectants against Dermestes maculatus.ResultThe extract of Piper guineense at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations recorded between 8–92% and 33–100% mortalities, respectively, for the first 4 weeks and 0% mortality was observed in weeks 5–8. The extracts of Capsicum frutescens and Dennettia tripetala at 4% concentration recorded between 8 and 92% mortalities in the first 4 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively, and no mortality was recorded in the remaining weeks. At 12% concentration for Dennettia tripetala extract, 8–100% mortality was recorded throughout the experimental period. At 12% concentration for Capsicum frutescens, 8–92% mortality was recorded in weeks 1–7 and 0% in week 8. Positive control recorded 33–67% mortality in weeks 1–4 and 0% mortality in weeks 5–8. Negative control recorded no mortality in the first 3 weeks, but few larvae were found dead in the remaining weeks. The mean value of 106, 36, and 96 progenies emerged at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations, respectively, in the smoked fish treated with Piper guineense. Mean value of 0.50 and 0.50 progenies were recorded at 4% and 8% concentrations, respectively, while no emergence was observed at 12% concentration of Dennettia tripetala extract. Extract of Capsicum frutescens recorded mean value of 1.00, 3.00, and 3.50 progenies at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations, respectively. Weight loss of 66.47%, 31.46%, and 56.25% at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations was observed for Piper guineense extract respectively. Extracts of Dennettia tripetala and Capsicum frutescens recorded weight loss of 3.46%, 2.11%, and 0.02% and 27.77%, 12.30%, and 22.90%, respectively, at 4%, 8%, and 12% concentrations. Positive and negative controls recorded 4.36% and 81.18% weight loss, respectively.ConclusionThey can therefore serve as affordable substitutes for synthetic chemicals which had been proven to be detrimental to the health of its consumers.
Highlights
Dermestes maculatus is a destructive pest of smoked-dried fish
The study compared the efficacies of ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Dennettia tripetala, and Capsicum frutescens as protectants against the insect-pest of fish, Dermestes maculatus on smoked catfish, Clarias gariepinus
The emergence of numerous progenies of D. maculatus on fish treated with P. guineense suggested that the extract was no longer effective in the outright killing of the larvae due to the deterioration in the potency of the extract, thereby resulting in significant weight loss of the smoked fish at the end of 90 days post treatment compared to the negative control
Summary
Dermestes maculatus is a destructive pest of smoked-dried fish. Due to its implications, this research was aimed at investigating the insecticidal activities of edible plant extracts on smoked Clarias gariepinus as protectants against Dermestes maculatus. Due to the economic loss and mental torture procured by fish mongers, the use of synthetic chemicals has been employed to protect their stock from insect infestation for lack of credible alternatives Many synthetic chemicals such as pentachlorophenol (PCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), atrasine (S-triazines), organochlorines (OCs), organophosphates (Ops), and carbamates are no doubt effective against the pests of treated smoked fish, but some attendant problems such as insecticide resistance, lack of technical-know-how, high cost of purchase, and mammalian toxicity are better imagined than real. These reasons have brought to fore the need to seek alternative method(s) of controlling insect infestation on smoked fish, and one of these is the use of plant-based insecticides which are eco-friendly and safe for consumption as well as having insecticidal properties
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