Evaluation of Epidemiological Risk Features and Hematological Parameters in the Lymphoma Patients in the Larkana Region

Abstract

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphatic cancer that is distinctly characterized and classified into various subtypes, with varying prognoses based on the stage at diagnosis and treatment modalities. Despite advances in treatment, the specific demographic and clinical factors influencing treatment outcomes and the incidence of side effects, such as chemotherapy-induced anemia and neutropenia, remain under-explored, particularly in diverse regional settings. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological risk features and hematological parameters of lymphoma patients in the Larkana region, with a focus on the impact of chemotherapy on these parameters. Methods: A case-control study was conducted over twelve months at Linar Hospital in Larkana, involving 40 participants aged between 10 and 70 years. Informed consent was obtained, aligning with ethical standards akin to the Declaration of Helsinki. Two types of blood samples were collected pre- and post-chemotherapy for hematological analysis including total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet levels, which were assessed using Complete Blood Count (CBC) containers with EDTA. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS Version 23, utilizing descriptive statistics and the Student's t-test. Results: The study documented a decrease in mean hemoglobin levels from 11.42 ± 1.74 g/dL before chemotherapy to 10.65 ± 1.55 g/dL after (p = 0.001), mean white blood cell count from 7.30 ± 2.6 × 10^3/uL to 5.71 ± 2.1 × 10^3/uL (p = 0.003), and platelet count from 297.52 ± 116.2 × 10^3/uL to 230.2 ± 72.6 × 10^3/uL (p = 0.001). These findings indicate a significant hematological impact associated with chemotherapy. Conclusion: The significant reduction in critical hematological parameters among lymphoma patients’ post-chemotherapy highlights the need for rigorous monitoring and tailored management strategies to mitigate treatment side effects. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive patient care and support in improving treatment outcomes in lymphoma.