Abstract
Sustainability is the main concern for current and future construction projects in the world. In any project, attaining sustainability requires the integrity of four main elements. These elements cover economical, societal, cultural, and environmental aspects to its successful implementation and integration in an anthropogenic framework. Concrete is one of the main building materials used in current construction activities around the world; therefore, many issues pertaining to concrete long term sustainability arise. This makes issues related to environmental evaluation and assessment for the ready-mix concrete production process of vital importance. The release of particulate matter (PM) including PM10 and PM2.5 could be considered the main air pollutant that is emitted from this industrial sector; where PM can be released from different stages of ready-mix concrete production process. Another concern arising from the ready-mix concrete operations which may affect the soil and ground water quality is the spills or leaks that may occur from the storage containers used for diesel, motor oil, and chemical admixture. In 2010, Environmental Agency-Abu Dhabi (EAD) collected data pertaining to the operations of 73 ready-mix concrete facilities in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The data showed that the average production rate of concrete is around 250,000 m3/year, which indicates that the concrete industry is a very active industry in the Emirate. Hence, EAD has established a set of plans and requirements to minimize the environmental impacts of concrete production on the environment and public health. The environmental impact of the concrete manufacturing can be reduced by conserving use of raw material ingredients, conserving energy consumption, and following Best Management Practices (BMPs) related to readymix concrete production. In this paper, a variety of BMPs are presented for ready-mix concrete manufacturing facilities in Abu Dhabi. These BMPs cover the following areas: raw materials handling and transport, process operation, housekeeping, waste management, emergency response, and training record. EAD can then regulate the ready-mix concrete manufacturing sector in Abu Dhabi using these BMPs and the requirements of the issued permitting conditions in order to have a sustainable industrial sector.
Highlights
Becchio in his paper [1] mentions that there are many attempts to improve the sustainability of the concrete by using alternative fuels
To have a sustainable concrete industry, two aspects should be studied [4] [5]: 1) The durability of concrete 2) The environmental impacts of the concrete industry For the concrete durability, it is essential to provide the full protection for the concrete structures from the different harsh environment factors that cause several degradation issues such as [1] [3]: 1) Creeping 2) Shrinkage 3) Random Cracks Extreme conditions such as elevated temperatures and freeze/thaw cycles have a major significant impact in the concrete service life
Conserving use of raw material ingredients and energy can reduce the environmental effects of concrete manufacturing and lead to having a sustainable concrete industry
Summary
The construction industry requires and consumes a lot of energy during the production and installation stages. [1]-[3] This energy can be consumed during extracting, processing, transporting, and assembling raw materials. Becchio in his paper [1] mentions that there are many attempts to improve the sustainability of the concrete by using alternative fuels Fuels such as biomass, tires, used oils, and used solvents, have a significant chance to enhance sustainability and reduce emissions and consumption of fossil fuels. To illustrate, using these alternative fuels can decrease the water/cement ratio in the concrete mix by having a good workability
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