Evaluation of Environmental Benefits Caused by Reservation-Based Shared Parking: A Case Study of Beijing, China

Pengfei Zhao,Pengfei Wang,Hai Yan,Hongzhi Guan

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3039437

Abstract

With the help of accurate parking navigation systems, sharing vacant private parking spaces with public travelers may have the potential of reducing the number of cruising vehicles and contribute to traffic emission reduction. However, the quantitative effects of such a measure are still relatively unknown in traffic management. In this article, we firstly established an optimal allocation model of shared parking spaces, which is a pure integer linear programming model of maximizing the number of served public vehicles to avoid cruising for parking. Further, the parking space allocation model was expanded to an estimation model that quantifies the effect of emission reduction. Secondly, a branch-and-cut algorithm was introduced as the core algorithm to solve the proposed models. Finally, detailed sensitivity analysis, based on empirical data collected by electronic parking toll collections and questionnaire surveys in Beijing, China, evaluated the proposed model and algorithm. The results indicate that shared parking can not only effectively reduce the cruising time and the number of vehicles, but also has significantly a positive effect on emission reduction. This research is helpful to provide theoretical support for alleviating parking pressure and environmental problems.

Highlights

In recent decades, massive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated a range of global problems, such as air pollution, ozone depletion, global warming, etc
RESEARCH DIRECTIONS This article constructs a quantitative model to estimate the effect of emission reduction in the implementation of shared parking policy
A pure integer linear programming model was proposed aiming to absorb the cruising vehicles as many as possible. This goal is different from the topics in most existing studies, since most existing studies pursue the maximization of parking space utilization [6]

Summary

Introduction

Massive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated a range of global problems, such as air pollution, ozone depletion, global warming, etc. Vehicles or the time spent in cruising for parking can be effectively diminished, it will help to reduce energy consumption even abate environmental pollution, and improve the parking difficulties and the quality of travel for public travelers [4], [5]. Take Beijing for example, the number of registered motor vehicles is more than triples of the registered parking spaces in 2018, with 6.08 million and 1.89 million, respectively. Under this context, a natural idea of solving the parking problem is to build more parking facilities, but that is unrealistic because of the limited construction capital and urban space within an inner city, especially in a short term. The reality is that most of these (especially private) existing parking spaces

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