Abstract
Assessment of entrance skin doses for patients in Digital radiography examinations should be made as a means for the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients. We measured the entrance skin dose (ESD) received by 50 pediatrics undergoing 12 types of diagnostic X-ray examination at Radiology Department of Asser Central Hospital-KSA. The entrance skin dose ESD was determined via measurements parameters: focus to skin distance (FSD), tube current (mAs) and tube voltage (kV) in arithmetical equation. The mean ± SD for ESDs were found to be 0.16 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.01, 0.63 ± 0.26, 0.55 ± 0.09, 0.15 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.06, 0.41 ± 0.19, 0.46 ± 0.18, 0.46 ± 0.12, 0.20 ± 0.02, 0.39 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.03, for PA chest, foot, AP pelvis, PA skull, PA hand, AP arm, ankle, AP shoulder, abdomen, forearm, AP femur, AP elbow consequently. Our study is considered as an attempt to evaluate the ESDs received by digital radiographic x-ray machine for children aged between 2 - 15 years old, taking in our considerations number of other variables. The mean ESD values obtained are found to be within the standard reference. The data obtained may add to the available information in national records for general use. It may provide guidance on where efforts on dose reduction will need to be directed to fulfill the requirements of the optimization process and serve as a reference for future researches.
Highlights
In radiology field dose assessment should be made to enhance the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients and to deliver minimum dose to the examinations
Mean and standard deviation for Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) in mGy. The ESD (mGy) for the radiological examinations were compared with other authors, and were presented in (Table 3), The maximum ESD was found in the AP pelvis (0.63 ± 0.26) and the minimum dose was found in PA hand (0.15 ± 0.05)
It was found that the dose level received by the digital radiography machine in our hospital were lower than other studies levels [7], [8] with significant difference at p 0.000 in respected to different type of X-ray examinations
Summary
In radiology field dose assessment should be made to enhance the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients and to deliver minimum dose to the examinations. Dose measurements are necessary for the fulfillment of the international guidelines and regulations [1]. It is known that children diagnostic radiological examinations have higher risk when compared to the ones carried out for adults. Young individuals have longer life expectancy and their developing tissues are more radiosensitive. The relative risk of harmful effect after radiation exposure during the first 10 years of life is 3 to 4 times if compared to an exposure for 30 or 40 years old [2]. Children have a risk of developing a radiation-induced cancer, because of their greater cell proliferation rate and long life span expectancy [3]
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