Evaluation of endometrial thickness, follicular growth, and serum estradiol levels in spontaneous (fertile) vs induced (infertile) cycles via clomiphene or gonadotropin

Abstract

Abstract
 Objectives: The current evaluating study was launched to assess endometrial thickness (ET), follicular growth (FG), and serum estradiol (SE) levels in spontaneous (fertile) vs induced (infertile) cycles via clomiphene or gonadotropin.
 Patients and methods: The work included two groups; a study group (SG) and a control group (CG). The SG contained 196 patients who suffered infertility and was divided into two subgroups according to the treatment that the patients received, clomiphene (SGC) or gonadotrophin (SGG). The CG included 130 healthy, fertile, individuals who received no treatment. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) was used to evaluate the treatment effects on the ET and FG plus ovulation. The SE levels of the group members were measured using a competitive radioimmunoassay (CRIA).
 Results:A trilaminar endometrium was ultrasonically recognized in the SGC and the CGshowing three hyper-echogenic lines with inner hypo-echogenic regions. ET was significantly (p?0.05)reduced in the SGCwhen compared with that in the CG.The follicular diameter (FD) was significantly (p?0.05) larger in the SGs than that in the CG. However, the FD significantly (p?0.05) increased in the SGG in comparison to that in the CG. The SE levels were significantly (p?0.05) higher during the mid of the cycle in the SGs than those in the CG. 
 Conclusion: The assessed effects of the clomiphene or gonadotropin on the endometrial features, ovulation, and serum estradiol levels provide significant prognostic information regarding the use of those treatments in infertile women.