Abstract
Use of chemical pesticides poses a threat for environment and human health, so green technologies of crop protection are of high demand. Some microbial proteins able to activate plant defense mechanisms and prevent the development of resistance in plant pathogens, may be good alternative to chemicals, but practical use of such elicitors is limited due to need to protect them against adverse environment prior their delivery to target receptors of plant cells. In this study we examined a possibility to encapsulate heat resistant FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) from Pseudomonas fluorescens, which possesses a significant eliciting activity in relation to a range of plant pathogens, in sodium alginate microparticles and evaluated the stability of resulted complex under long-term UV irradiation and in the presence of proteinase K, as well as its eliciting activity in three different “plant-pathogen” models comparing to that of free PPIase. The obtained PPIase-containing microparticles consisted of 70% of sodium alginate, 20% of bovine serum albumin, and 10% of PPIase. In contrast to free PPIase, which lost its eliciting properties after 8-h UV treatment, encapsulated PPIase kept its eliciting ability unchanged; after being exposed to proteinase K, its eliciting ability twice exceeded that of free PPIase. Using “tobacco-TMV”, “tobacco-Alternaria longipes”, and “wheat-Stagonospora nodorum” model systems, we showed that encapsulation process did not influence on the eliciting activity of PPIase. In the case of the “wheat-S. nodorum” model system, we also observed a significant eliciting activity of alginate-albumin complex and almost doubled activity of encapsulated PPIase as compared to the free PPIase. As far as we know, this is the first observation of a synergistic interaction between alginate and other compound possessing any bioactive properties. The results of the study show some prospects for a PPIase use in agriculture.
Highlights
Contemporary intensive agriculture provides for active use of various chemical preparations to protect crops against diseases, pests, and weeds
In this study we examined a possibility to encapsulate heat resistant FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) from Pseudomonas fluorescens, which possesses a significant eliciting activity in relation to a range of plant pathogens, in sodium alginate microparticles and evaluated the stability of resulted complex under long-term UV irradiation and in the presence of proteinase K, as well as its eliciting activity in three different ―plant-pathogen‖ models comparing to that of free PPIase
Using ―tobacco-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)‖, ―tobacco-Alternaria longipes‖, and ―wheat-Stagonospora nodorum‖ model systems, we showed that encapsulation process did not influence on the eliciting activity of PPIase
Summary
Contemporary intensive agriculture provides for active use of various chemical preparations to protect crops against diseases, pests, and weeds. Modern science reached a level that made it possible to develop a new strategy of plant protection based on the activation of natural plant defense mechanisms by so-called biogenic elicitors and resulting in a development of induced plant resistance to pathogens This strategy deserves special attention, since it is environmentally safe and provides a long-term systemic effect in relation to a wide range of pathogens; the lack of any direct effect on plant pathogens prevents the appearance of pathogen resistance to the used compound [1,2]. Peptide and protein elicitors, characterized by a stronger specificity of interaction with target
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