Evaluation of Efficacy of Green Chiretta Leaf Extracts Against Anthracnose Disease

Abstract

Plant secondary metabolites are synthesized from primary metabolites and play a role in plant defense against pathogens. Several secondary metabolite compounds isolated from several types of plants have biological activities, such as being cytotoxic against fungi and bacteria. Bitter plants— green chiretta [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees.] are plants that contain flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid compounds can damage the fungal cell wall, which causes cell denaturation in the fungus. Anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc is a post-harvest disease that is often found in various tropical and subtropical fruits, which can reduce production and can even lead to crop failure. The study was conducted to determine secondary metabolite compounds of green chiretta leaves to suppress the phytopathogen C. gloesporioides, which causes anthracnose disease. The research used a completely randomized design and was repeated four times with the treatment extracts of green chiretta leaf with concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 %. The results showed that the extract from green chiretta leaves could suppress C. gloesporioides by more than 70 % at 8 d after inoculation with a concentration of 5 % to 30 %.