Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Blood Transfusion and Hormone Therapy in 40 Patients with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Abstract

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different types of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and hormone therapy in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The clinical data and serological characteristics of 40 patients with AIHA treated in our hospital from 2014 to 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The efficacy and safety of different type of RBC transfusion and hormone therapy were evaluated according to the principle of minimally incompatible RBC transfusion after cross-matching. Among 40 patients with AIHA, the female cases were more than the male cases, the cases of secondary AIHA was more than cases of primary AIHA, and the warm autoantibodies were in the majority. 11 cases of AIHA underwent 26 times minimally incompatible red blood cell transfusions. The total effective rate was 46.2%, the partial efficiency was 23.1%, and total inefficiency was 30.8%. Among them, the same type of non-washing red blood cell group showed efficiency of 42.1%, partial effective rate of 21.1%, and inefficiency of 36.8%; the same type of washed red blood cell group showed efficiency of 57.1%, partial effective rate of 28.6%, and inefficiency of 14.3%. the infusion effects was not significanly different between the two groups, and no hemolytic transfusion reaction occurred. In the hormone-treated group, the complete remission rate was 15.2%, the partial remission rate was 63.6%, and the ineffective rate was 21.2%. Among them, the side effects appeared in 2 patients after using hormones. When AIHA patients need blood transfusion, use the same type of non-washed red blood cells or homologous washed cells is relatively safe, and the difference in efficacy is not significant. The partial remission of patients received hormone therapy is much higher than that of red blood cell transfusion, but the side effects easily happen.