Abstract
In the present study, field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy and compatibility of herbicides and fungicides in durum wheat under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, in Central Greece. Our results indicate that the herbicide florasulam+2.4-D was safe and did not cause any injury when applied alone or with fungicides, while bromoxynil+2.4-D mixed with azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin+prothioconazole caused injury symptoms on leaves. The injury symptoms were transient, and observed only at Velestino area, where low temperatures and broad diurnal temperature fluctuations were recorded during the pesticides application period. Regarding septoria leaf blotch control, good results showed strobilurin alone or in mixture with a triazole, regardless the herbicide that was added to the mixture. The results of this study showed that bromoxynil+2.4-D caused injury when mixed with fungicides and applied under cold temperatures, while one fungicide application at stem elongation provided adequate Septoria leaf blotch control.
Highlights
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are two of the most important field crops cultivated around the world
The highest disease severity was recorded in untreated control (10.7 and 33.5%, at Velestino and Domokos respectively) and in plots treated with herbicides, while the lowest values were observed in herbicides-fungicides mixtures
Herbicide-fungicide compatibility combination of pesticides is a common practice worldwide, very few studies have been published examining the compatibility of these substances
Summary
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are two of the most important field crops cultivated around the world. In the last 35 years, a decrease of 7% in the cultivated area was registered, while the production was increased around 30% despite the reduction of cultivated land. This increase is mainly due to the development of high yielding varieties and improved cultural practices. Tritici (yellow rust, Holtz et al, 2014) and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria leaf blotch, Castro and Simón, 2016) Severe infections by these pathogens can cause significant yield losses, while foliar sprays with fungicides are necessary. Severe infections by M. graminicola caused high yield losses in Greece, and fungicide applications are generally needed to control this disease
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