Evaluation of dynamic balance among community-dwelling older adult fallers: A generalizability study of the limits of stability test

Abstract

Objective:To establish reliability estimates of the 75% Limits of Stability® Test (75% LOS test) when administered to community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls. Design:Generalizability theory was used to estimate both the relative contribution of identified error sources to the total measurement error and generalizability coefficients. A random effects repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess consistency of LOS test movement variables across both days and targets. Setting:A motor control research laboratory in a university setting. Participants:Fifty community-dwelling older adults with 2 or more falls in the previous year. Main Outcome Measures:Spatial and temporal measures of dynamic balance derived from the 75% LOS test included average movement velocity, maximum center of gravity (COG) excursion, end-point COG excursion, and directional control. Results:Estimated generalizability coefficients for 2 testing days ranged from .58 to .87. Total variance in LOS test measures attributable to inconsistencies in day-to-day test performance (Day and Subject × Day facets) ranged from 2.5% to 8.4%. The ANOVA results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the LOS test variables across the 2 testing days. Conclusions:The 75% LOS test administered to older adult fallers on 2 consecutive days provides consistent and reliable measures of dynamic balance.