Evaluation of Dye Compounds' Decolorization Capacity of Selected H. haematococca and T. harzianum Strains by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Kamila Rybczyńska,Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska

doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2473-8

Kamila Rybczyńska, Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2473-8

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Abstract

The selected strains of microscopic fungi, Haematonectria haematococca (BwIII43, K37) and Trichoderma harzianum (BsIII33), decolorized the following monoathraquinone dyes with different efficiency: 0.03 % Alizarin Blue Black B, 0.01 % Carminic Acid, 0.01 % Poly R-478, and 0.2 % post-industrial lignin. The most effective was the removal of 0.03 % Alizarin Blue Black B (50–60 %) and 0.01 % Carminic Acid (55–85 %). The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to determine the main enzyme responsible for the biodecolorization process of the dye substrates and indicated that horseradish-type (HRP-like), lignin (LiP), and manganese-dependent (MnP) peroxidases were responsible for the decolorization of anthraquinone dyes by the strains tested. The participation of particular enzymes in the decolorization of monoanthraquinone dyes ranged from 44.48 to 51.70 % for 0.01 % Carminic Acid and from 38.46 to 61.12 % for Poly R-478. The highest precipitation in decolorization of these dyes showed HRP-like peroxidase, respectively, 54–74 and 70–95 %. The degree of decolorization of 0.2 % post-industrial lignin by the selected strains of H. haematococca and T. harzianum amounted to 58.20, 61.38, and 65.13 %, respectively. The rate of 0.2 % post-industrial lignin decolorization was conditioned by the activity of HRP-like (71–90 %) and LiP (87–94 %) peroxidases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2473-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

Filamentous fungi are the most promising among the pool of potential microorganisms important in decolorization and bioremediation processes
The tested strains of microscopic fungi were identified on the basis of phenotypic properties as H. haematococca BwIII43 and K37 and T. harzianum BSIII33 (KorniłłowiczKowalska and Rybczyńska 2014b)
The products obtained for H. haematococca BwIII43 and K37 and T. harzianum BSIII33 (567, 566, and 596 bp, respectively) were subsequently sequenced

Summary

Introduction

Filamentous fungi are the most promising among the pool of potential microorganisms important in decolorization and bioremediation processes. In comparison with prokaryotic microorganisms, filamentous fungi demonstrate certain advantages in biological decontamination. These are much greater surface contact with the dye substrate and unique physiological characteristics that allow decolorization of high concentrations of dye. Filamentous fungi are characterized by the ability to synthesize and secrete enzymes, organic acids, and other metabolites, which allow them to grow in a wide range of environmental pH (Mannan et al 2005). The best characterized strains among white rot basidiomycetes in terms of ability to decolorize dye substrates present in industrial wastewater are Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, Trametes versicolor, and Pleurotus ostreatus (Swamy and Ramsay 1999; Palmieri et al 2005; Korniłłowicz–Kowalska et al 2006; Eichlerová et al 2007). Some micromycete species of the genus Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Trichoderma degrade PAHs including anthracene, a precursor of synthetic dyes (Wu et al 2010; Wu and Nian 2014), and purify industrial wastewater from olive oil (Robles et al 2000), cotton delignification effluent (Souza et al 2005), structurally diverse industrial dyes (Mannan et al 2005; Shedbalkar et al 2008; Anastasi et al 2009; More et al 2010), and kraft lignin (I alkali fraction) (Lopez et al 2007; Yang et al 2011)

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