Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most common non-cutaneous malignancy for men, where an estimated 241,740 new cases will be diagnosed in 2013 in the United States [1]. Whereas most of those new diagnoses will be clinically localized, up to 17% of patients may experience metastatic disease, in which the risk of cancer- specific mortality is increased [2]. In this context, it is well established that, beyond regional lymph nodes, the skeleton represents the most common metastatic site [3].The study aims to evaluate the pattern of distribution of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients by 99mTc- methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy. It was formed in 150 patients with pathologically proven prostate cancer and presented for bone scans with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) for detection and evaluation of bone metastases. It was noted that patients with bone metastases had significantly higher frequency of bone pain when compared with patients without and noted that spine was the most commonly affected site (60.0 %) followed by ribs (52.0 %) and femur (30.0 %). Spread of bony metastases among the bony skeleton has distribution manner not only to the right or to the left. Metastatic bony lesions of prostate cancer are located mainly in spine (58.0%) followed by ribs (52.0 %) and femur (30.0 %). Patients with extensive bone metastasis had significantly higher frequency of skull, spine, scapula, humerous, sternum, ribs, iliac bone, ischium, and femur metastases
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer diagnosed in Western population
Patients with extensive bone metastasis had significantly higher frequency of skull, spine, scapula, humerous, sternum, ribs, iliac bone, ischium, and femur metastases when compared with patients with moderate metastases (Table 3)
We found that that patients with bone metastases had significantly higher frequency of bone pain when compared with patients without in agreement with the study of [18] who examined the relation between pain and bone metastases in a group of patients with prostate or breast cancer that had been referred for bone scintigraphy
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer diagnosed in Western population. Autopsy studies have shown that with increasing age the majority of men will develop microscopic foci of cancer in populations at both high and low risk. Only a small percentage of men will develop invasive form of prostate cancer. The cancer cells may metastasize from the prostate to other parts of the body, the bones and lymph nodes [4]. Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer of men after lung cancer and the fifth most common cancer worldwide [6]. It constitutes 10.6% of cancers of men in sub- Saharan Africa [7]. In the USA the tumor appears to be more common in African-American men than in Caucasian men [8]
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