Abstract
Bioactive peptides are digestion-resistant and absorbable peptides released from dietary parent proteins. Dietary epitopes exert their effects on the body without absorption and release from parent protein. In this study, the epitope content of milk proteins was discovered, and a new definition for BPs is provided alongside the classic definition. In this study, LBtope, ABCpred, and SVMTriP servers were used to find Linear B cell epitopes. Besides, to predict T cell epitopes, the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) and MHC-II alleles that were more abundant among Iranian people were first found from the Allele Frequency Net Database (AFND). Consequently, the IEDB, RANKPEP, SYFPEITHI, EpiJen, and EpiTOP3 servers were used for MHC binding epitopes. In the current study, MHC-II, MHC-I, and B-cell epitopes of milk proteins were discovered. The most important B-cell epitopes discovered by LBtope, ABCpred, and SVMtrip databases for αS1-casein included APSFSDIPNPIGSEN (176-190), AESISSSEEIVPNSVE (62-77), and VFGKEKVNELSKDIGS (31-46). The high rank of αS1-casein derived from MHC-II epitopes and discovered from the SYFPEITHI database included KEKVNELSKDIGSES (34-48), RFFVAPFPEVFGKEK (22-36), and PELFRQFYQLDAYPS (147-161). The epitopes of dietary proteins and endogenous proteins could be considered as BPs. Epitopes exert their biological effects without absorption and release from parent proteins.
Highlights
During the last four decades, several investigations have been conducted to assess the properties and physiological effects of bioactive peptides (BPs) and the definition of BPs have been formed with three major characteristics, including a) digestionresistant, b) absorbable peptides released from the parent proteins during digestion processes, and c) induce a series of beneficial effects on the body (Ji et al, 2021; Rafiq et al, 2021; Shori et al, 2020l ; Shi & Li, 2021)
The most critical B-cell epitopes discovered by LBtope, ABCpred, and SVMtrip databases for αS1-casein were APSFSDIPNPIGSEN (176-190), AESISSSEEIVPNSVE (62-77), and VFGKEKVNELSKDIGS (31-46)
The food proteins can be diffused into the submucosa and directly be exposed to the immune system’s cells (Kostovcikova et al, 2019). In this in-silico study we identified the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), MHC-II, and B-cell epitopes, it is believed that the MHC-II and B-cell epitopes are biologically important in gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (Carrera et al, 2019; He et al, 2013; Mundkur et al, 2013; Thota et al, 2017)
Summary
During the last four decades, several investigations have been conducted to assess the properties and physiological effects of bioactive peptides (BPs) and the definition of BPs have been formed with three major characteristics, including a) digestionresistant, b) absorbable peptides released from the parent proteins during digestion processes, and c) induce a series of beneficial effects on the body (Ji et al, 2021; Rafiq et al, 2021; Shori et al, 2020l ; Shi & Li, 2021). While the absorbability and digestion-resistance are inevitably required for a peptide to exert its effects. The dietary proteins-derived epitopes are encrypted peptide fragments that do not necessarily meet the absorbability and digestion resistance conditions. Received 27 Oct., 2021 Accepted 02 Nov., 2021 1 Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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