Abstract
Inactivation of rabies virus is essential for rabies vaccine preparation where the inactivating compound that is currently recommended for rabies vaccine preparation is β-propiolactone (β-PL). This compound is considered better than phenol and formalin but it is expensive and potentially carcinogenic. Data revealed that Ascorbic acid (AA) with cupric ions could yield complete and irreversible inactivation of rabies virus without adversely affecting its antigenicity. Additionally, the results of testing the vaccine potency with the selected inactivating compounds were comparable (P<0.05), and ED50 was higher than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The use of HemaGel (plasma substitute) for testing vaccine stabilization was compared with the currently used vaccine stabilizers (human albumin and lactose). HemaGel yielded better stability than the other tested stabilizers. Monitoring of cellular and humoral immune responses indicated that both the total IgG level against rabies vaccine and the IFN and IL5 levels obtained with the HemaGel-stabilized vaccines were higher than those obtained with human albumin- and lactose-stabilized vaccine candidates.
Highlights
Rabies is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to mankind
The current study aimed to evaluate the viral inactivating potentials of ascorbic acid and β-PL as an essential step in the preparation of rabies vaccine, in addition to investigating the impact of using HemaGel as an immune modulator and stabilizer compared to other stabilizers under thermal preservation conditions
Rabies vaccine was prepared in Vero cells using a fixed rabies virus strain (FRV/K) which was adapted to Vero cells
Summary
Rabies is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to mankind. The annual number of human deaths worldwide caused by rabies is approximately 55,000 [1]. Another study demonstrated the efficacy of ascorbic acid to reduce the infectivity of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and parainfluenza virus type 2 [10]. Stabilizers are additives that maintain vaccine efficacy despite exposure to heat, light, and other adverse conditions [12]. Gelatin may be considered an immune modulator that can be used to enhance immune reactivity and stabilize the vaccine [17]. The current study aimed to evaluate the viral inactivating potentials of ascorbic acid and β-PL as an essential step in the preparation of rabies vaccine, in addition to investigating the impact of using HemaGel as an immune modulator and stabilizer compared to other stabilizers under thermal preservation conditions
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