Abstract
With the growing demand of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for safer and more efficient transportation, research on and development of such vehicular communication systems have increased considerably in the last years. The use of wireless networks in vehicular environments has grown exponentially. However, it is highly important to analyze radio propagation prior to the deployment of a wireless sensor network in such complex scenarios. In this work, the radio wave characterization for ISM 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed taking advantage of the existence of traffic light infrastructure has been assessed. By means of an in-house developed 3D ray launching algorithm, the impact of topology as well as urban morphology of the environment has been analyzed, emulating the realistic operation in the framework of the scenario. The complexity of the scenario, which is an intersection city area with traffic lights, vehicles, people, buildings, vegetation and urban environment, makes necessary the channel characterization with accurate models before the deployment of wireless networks. A measurement campaign has been conducted emulating the interaction of the system, in the vicinity of pedestrians as well as nearby vehicles. A real time interactive application has been developed and tested in order to visualize and monitor traffic as well as pedestrian user location and behavior. Results show that the use of deterministic tools in WSN deployment can aid in providing optimal layouts in terms of coverage, capacity and energy efficiency of the network.
Highlights
In the past two decades, the number of vehicles circulating in cities has increased considerably.This fact, together with the tendency of citizens to cluster has caused congestion of roads and junctions, especially in cities with large populations
They can be roughly divided into two categories: those which are based on ray optics (ray launching (RL) or ray tracing (RT) techniques) or the full-wave simulation techniques based on solving the Maxwell’s equations (method of moment (MoM), finite difference time domain (FDTD), etc.)
We use two parameters to establish line’s color, and type: arrival rate (AR), to count the number of cars arriving at the traffic light each time unit; and processing rate (PR), to measure the time the car requires to pass next to the traffic light
Summary
In the past two decades, the number of vehicles circulating in cities has increased considerably. The fourth group of channel modeling approaches corresponds to deterministic methods, which are widely used for propagation prediction given a specific environment They can be roughly divided into two categories: those which are based on ray optics (ray launching (RL) or ray tracing (RT) techniques) or the full-wave simulation techniques based on solving the Maxwell’s equations (method of moment (MoM), finite difference time domain (FDTD), etc.). Deterministic modeling, a RL technique, has been used to characterize the physical channel for radio planning purposes in an urban area for a context-aware system that benefits from traffic light infrastructure, given the ease of deployment as well as the vicinity to users under analysis, i.e., pedestrians as well as vehicles.
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