Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are employed in patient diagnostics and disease treatments. Concerning the diagnosis aspect, technetium-99m (99mTc) is utilized to label radiopharmaceuticals for single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) due to its physical and chemical characteristics. 99mTc fixation on pharmaceuticals depends on a reducing agent, stannous chloride (SnCl2) being the most widely-utilized. The genotoxic, clastogenic and anegenic properties of the 99mTc-MDP(methylene diphosphonate used for bone SPECT) and SnCl2 were evaluated in Wistar rat blood cells using the Comet assay and micronucleus test. The experimental approach was to endovenously administer NaCl 0.9% (negative control), cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg b.w. (positive control), SnCl2 500 μg/mL or 99mTc-MDP to animals and blood samples taken immediately before the injection, 3, and 24 h after (in the Comet assay) and 36 h after, for micronucleus test. The data showed that both SnCl2 and 99mTc-MDP-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breaks in rat total blood cells, suggesting genotoxic potential. The 99mTc-MDP was not able to induce a significant DNA strand breaks increase in in vivo assays. Taken together, the data presented here points to the formation of a complex between SnCl2 in the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP, responsible for the decrease in cell damage, compared to both isolated chemical agents. These findings are important for the practice of nuclear medicine.
Highlights
Radiopharmaceuticals are widely employed in scintigraph examinations to aid in diagnosis or to treat diseases
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects induced by 99mTc-Methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and stannous chloride in the blood and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats using two assays related to the molecular biology (Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test)
Despite the high sensitivity of the technique used, which detects low damage levels, the results show that the condition, under which the rats were submitted during the experiment did not interfere with the parameters analyzed
Summary
Radiopharmaceuticals are widely employed in scintigraph examinations to aid in diagnosis or to treat diseases This use involves various health and environmental risks, as many of the side effects of these compounds are not fully understood. The most efficient reducing agent for 99mTc has been stannous chloride (SnCl2), which renders it the most frequently used compound for this purpose [2,3,4]. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects induced by 99mTc-MDP and stannous chloride in the blood and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats using two assays related to the molecular biology (Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test)
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