Abstract
Czech hop varieties are evaluated as part of maintenance breeding. Every year, this evaluation includes ten mother plants of each hop variety. Yield is determined in kilograms of fresh hops per plant. The t-test is used to determine significance. Results from the years 2014–2019 show that Gaia and Kazbek have the highest yield (3.17 kg/plant and 3.05 kg/plant, respectively). Their yield is higher than that of the Harmonie, Agnus, Bohemie, Premiant, Sládek, Boomerang and Saaz varieties. Saaz has the lowest hop yield, i.e. 1.85 kg/plant. Bor, Saaz Late, Saaz and Sládek show the lowest variability, which ranges between 20.56 and 20.58%. Gaia has the highest variability (34.33%). Gaia also has the highest alpha acid content (12.30%) with a probability of 95% to 99%. Vital and Boomerang have a higher alpha acid content than other Czech hop varieties (11.09% and 10.81%, respectively) with a probability of 99%. Saaz Late (3.42%) and Saaz (3.06%) have the lowest alpha acid content with a probability of 95% to 99%. The variability of alpha acid content is considerably lower than the hop yield variability. Rubín has the lowest year-on-year variability of all Czech varieties (4.81%). Vital and Gaia have a very low variability (5.63% and 5.72%, respectively). A higher variability of alpha acid content was found in Saaz Late, Premiant, Agnus, Saaz, Kazbek, Bor and Harmonie, ranging between 8.01% and 10.21%.
Highlights
Hop breeding in the Czech Republic has a long tradition
Each mother plant is evaluated in terms of hop yield and alpha acid content (EBC 7.4 described in Krofta, 2008)
The Kazbek variety shows a hop yield of above 3 kg/plant as well. Both varieties have significantly higher yields than the varieties with yields of less than 2.61 kg/plant, which are the varieties listed below Saaz Late
Summary
Hop breeding in the Czech Republic has a long tradition. The Hop Research Institute in Žatec registers 20 hop varieties. Associate professor Karel Osvald was the founder of modern methods of hop breeding based on clone selection in original regional vegetation. He had been involved in clone selection from 1927. Thanks to his long-term efforts, Czech hop growing gained three clones named after this breeder. Saaz takes up 90% of the Czech Republics total hop acreage (Fric, 1992). In 1994, Bor and Sládek became the first registered Czech hop varieties resulting from hybridisation
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