Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is one of the toxic heavy metals found in wastewaters from industries like electroplating, leather tanning, and steel manufacturing. The Cr(VI) removal and quantitative detection are among the major concerns from an environmental toxicity point of view. In the present work, we report an effective electrochemical technique for Cr(VI) monitoring based on the utilization of gold electrode. The technique developed is user-friendly, non-destructive, and provides real-time monitoring of Cr(VI) from wastewaters in contrast to other spectroscopic and optical techniques. The technique developed was applied in monitoring Cr(VI) removal from synthetic Cr(VI) samples using chitosan cross-linked glutaraldehyde (C + G) beads. The parameter optimization for Cr(VI) removal using C + G beads was done. The experimental data of Cr(VI) adsorption on C + G beads obtained using cyclic voltammetry were further used for kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies found that Cr(VI) adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and Modified Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of C + G beads for Cr(VI) was found to be 28.65 mg g−1. These results obtained indicate that the cyclic voltammetric technique using gold electrode can be effectively applied for Cr(VI) analysis from wastewaters.
Highlights
Heavy metals are one of the persistent and most toxic pollutants found in industrial wastewaters
In the present work, cyclic voltammetry equipped with gold electrode was utilized for real time and efficient detection of Cr(VI) from synthetic chromium wastewater sample
The FTIR, FESEM, and EDAX analysis of C and C + G beads indicated that network like structure is formed in C + G beads due to crosslinking, making C + G beads more stable in acidic pH maintaining
Summary
Heavy metals are one of the persistent and most toxic pollutants found in industrial wastewaters. Various methods like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, coagulation, and advanced oxidation processes are available for chromium removal (Owlad et al 2009). Out of all these methods, adsorption serves to be one of the promising methods for removing chromium from wastewaters (Kulkarni et al 2019) due to advantages like ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, and low secondary sludge generation. Various biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials have been employed for the effective adsorption of chromium from wastewaters in the literature Chitosan is one such biodegradable polymer abundantly used in the remediation of heavy metals from wastewaters. Chitosan is either cross-linked or combined with other materials to form a composite for chromium remediation from wastewaters
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