Evaluation of core and NS4B synthetic peptide-based immunoassays for the detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies in clinical samples from Cameroon, Central Africa

Abstract

Background According to previous data, the antibodies produced during natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently recognize amino acids 10–43 in the core protein and 1689–1740 or 1921–1940 in the non-structural 4B (NS4B) protein. The reactivity of these peptides with the corresponding antibodies has mainly been evaluated using serum samples from Western countries where HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) is predominant, and no information is available concerning samples from sub-Saharan countries where high HCV variability has been reported. Objective of this study To evaluate the performance of HCV core and NS4B peptide-based immunoassays in the serodiagnosis of HCV infection in Cameroon subjects. Study design Three core and four NS4B-based synthetic peptides derived from HCV genotypes 1b and 2a were designed and tested against a panel of 151 serum samples from Cameroon (40 positive for HCV-1, 32 for HCV-2, 39 HCV-4, and 40 HCV-negative). Results The three core peptides all demonstrated strong immunoreactivity, regardless of the HCV genotype from which they were derived, with greater than 90% and 92% sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, the NS4B-derived peptides exhibited lower sensitivities (24.3–65.8% depending on the HCV genotype) but higher specificities (100% for all four peptides tested). Conclusions Our findings indicate that an HCV core peptide could be used for the diagnosis of chronic HCV infection. Among the NS4B peptides tested, a chimeric NS4B peptide encompassing both N- and C-terminal portions of the NS4B protein gave a much better performance than the two component N- and C-terminal peptides used individually.