Evaluation of contaminants spreading from sludge piles, applying geochemical fractionation and attenuation of concentrations model in a tropical reservoir

Abstract

Drinking water production may generate significant amounts of sludge, which may be contaminated with various metals. For the first time, the mobility/lability of contaminants from two water treatment sludge piles in the Juturnaíba Reservoir was evaluated by applying two geochemical approaches: sequential extractions and attenuation of concentrations model. Both procedures were applied to evaluate the mobility/lability of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn on samples collected in the sludge piles and in the neighborhood of both water treatment plants. The results show that aluminum presents considerably higher concentrations in the sediments close to the sludge piles, with more labile phases; however, the attenuation of concentrations model indicates little spreading of this contaminant in the reservoir. Manganese was shown to be severely depleted in the sludge, indicating that it can be leached away, due to the reducing conditions of the pile. The other elements showed low concentrations and were shown not to affect the concentrations in the reservoir. While the geochemical fractionation indicates the possibility of dissolution to the water column, the attenuation of concentrations model gives information on the spatial dispersion of the contaminants, constituting interesting complementary approaches.