Abstract
Regular usage of NaOH/NaClO disinfectants results in high sodium salt and alkalinity of poultry manure. This study compared three amendments: vegetable waste (V), food waste (F) and mature compost (C) for their ability to improve the composting of NaOH/NaClO-contaminated poultry manure. C compost resulted in the highest compost temperatures (p<0.001) and greatest reduction in OM, TC, TN and NH4-N (p<0.05). C and V composts were more efficient at lowering extractable-Na (ext-Na) and electrical conductivity (EC) than F (p<0.05). Maturity was primarily indicated by NH4-N, EC and ext-Na. Bacterial dynamics was profoundly influenced by NH4-N, EC and TC, with the decrease leading to discriminate genera shift from Sinibacillus and Thiopseudomonas to Brevbacterium, Brachybacterium, and Microbacterium. These findings suggest that mature compost was more desirable amendment than vegetable and food waste in the composting of NaOH/NaClO-contaminated poultry manure, and the decrease of ext-Na indicated compost maturity but did not influence bacterial dynamics.
Highlights
Hygiene in animal production plays an important role in both farm management and food safety
We found a local poultry farm using NaOH/NaClO twice weekly for routine cleaning, and the poultry manure was determined for approximately pH 8.5–8.9, extractable-Na 0.94– 1.02% and electrical conductivity (EC) 26.3–34.9 mS/cm, which were much higher than the standard poultry manure of pH 5.8–7.7, extractable-Na 0.45–0.55% and EC 7.0–11.8 mS/cm [5,6,7]
Temperature trends generally followed similar pattern among different amendments, with temperatures rapidly increasing after compost construction, peaking within 2–3 days, and declining subsequently, a pattern repeated after each turning (Fig 1)
Summary
Hygiene in animal production plays an important role in both farm management and food safety. Cleaning and disinfection of poultry houses is crucial to manage poultry farm hygiene [1]. After use, the disinfectants may remain in the poultry manure making it less biodegradable and more difficult to compost [2]. Common disinfectants contain bases(e.g. sodium hydroxide), acids (e.g. citric acid) oxidizers (e.g. sodium hypochlorite), quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC, e.g. alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride), and aldehydes (e.g. glutaraldehyde) [3,4]. Many commercial disinfectants, such as QACs and sodium.
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