Abstract
Days to flowering, plant height and head diameter are significant parameters which are directly or indirectly correlated with yield, main trait of sunflower. Eight CMS lines, three testers and their twenty four hybrids were examined by line x tester method. Significant differences were found between lines, testers and hybrids. Results showed that lines PD-3 and PD-25 had good combining abilities for the trait of days to flowering (58 days and 65 days, respectively). In the expression of plant height best combiners were PD-2 (107.5 cm) and PD-3 (108.7 cm). For head diameter lines PD-52 (24.5 cm) and MA-57 (23.2 cm) were marked as good combiners. Variance of SCA was greater than variance of GCA for all the traits. CMS lines had the greatest part in the expression of the analyzed traits. Non-additive type of gene effect was reported for all examined traits, which implies that they could be improved through heterosis breeding.
Highlights
Sunflower is an agricultural crop which is grown on over 23 million hectares in the world (FAO 2012)
The aim of this study was to obtain the information about general combining ability (GCA) of inbred lines, specific combining ability (SCA) of F1 hybrids, the gene effect components of genetic variance and average contribution of RF lines, testers and their interaction in the expression of days to flowering, plant height and head diameter
Variance of SCA was greater than variance of GCA for days to flowering which indicates that higher amount of genetic variability was caused by SCA effect (Table 5)
Summary
Sunflower is an agricultural crop which is grown on over 23 million hectares in the world (FAO 2012). In current oil seed production, sunflower has a prominent role as one of the most important oil crop species. Higher yield, good self-fertility, uniformity at maturity and easier input of resistance to plant disease and pests are all advantages of hybrids (Sujatha et al 2002, Kaya & Atakisi 2004, Kaya 2005, Jocić et al 2012). Phenomenon of heterosis is widely used in sunflower breeding and commercial production. It manifests as the vigor of F1 generation (or F1 hybrids) and is expressed through rapid growth, higher, bigger and generally robust plants, and greater yield values. Sunflower F1 hybrids are produced by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile lines with lines for restoration fertility or RF lines. For expression of hybrid power (heterosis) it is necessary to find the right combination of
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