Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have declined in recent years for people of all races/ethnicities; however, the extent to which the decrease varies annually by demographic and disease-related characteristics is largely unknown. This study examines trends and annual percent change (APC) in the incidence among persons diagnosed with CRC in the United States of America from 2000–2014. The data obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were analyzed, and all persons (N = 577,708) with malignant CRC recorded in the SEER 18 database from 2000 to 2014 were characterized according to sex, race, age at diagnosis, disease site and stage. Incidence rates and APC were calculated for the entire study period. Overall, the incidence rate of CRC decreased from 54.5 in 2000 to 38.6 per 100,000 in 2014, with APC = −2.66 (p < 0.0001). Decline in rates was most profound between 2008 and 2011 from 46.0 to 40.7 per 100,000 (APC = −4.04; p < 0.0001). Rates were higher for males (vs. females; rate ratio (RR) = 1.33) and for blacks (vs. whites; RR = 1.23). Proximal colon cancers at the localized stage were the predominant cancers. An increase in rate was observed among people younger than 50 years (6.6 per 100,000, APC= 1.5). The annual rate of CRC has decreased over time. However, the development and implementation of interventions that further reduce the disparities among demographic and disease-related subgroups are warranted.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major clinical and public health concern, is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and women in the United States of America (US) [1]
To better inform future research on CRC, and to guide the planning and implementation of programs for CRC prevention and control, the present study of current data for the CRC population in the US examines trends and annual percent change (APC) in the incidence among persons diagnosed with CRC from 2000–2014
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) was used to select all CRC malignant cases reported to the SEER Program from 2000 through 2014 that originated from the following primary sites: proximal colon (cecum (C18.0), appendix (C18.1), ascending colon (C18.2), hepatic flexure of colon (C18.3), transverse colon (C18.4), splenic flexure of colon (C18.5)); distal colon (descending colon (C18.6), and sigmoid colon (C18.7)); and rectum (recto-sigmoid junction (C19.9), and rectum, not otherwise specified (C20.9))
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major clinical and public health concern, is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and women in the United States of America (US) [1]. Services Task Force recommends screening for CRC in adults beginning at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 [8]. As a result of screening and improved treatment over the last few decades, there are in the US, more than 1 million survivors of CRC [2] Factors such as race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status [12,13,14,15,16,17,18], and cancer-related characteristics influence CRC outcomes [19]. In recent years, CRC incidence and mortality rates have declined for men and women of all races/ethnicities [1], the extent to which the decrease varies annually by age, race, gender, site and stage is largely unknown. To better inform future research on CRC, and to guide the planning and implementation of programs for CRC prevention and control, the present study of current data for the CRC population in the US examines trends and annual percent change (APC) in the incidence among persons diagnosed with CRC from 2000–2014
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