Evaluation of cognitive dysfunction syndrome in dogs using an observational questionnaire

Abstract

The life expectancy of dogs has increased in recent years, mainly due to intensified care by owners, through health care, nutrition, and wellness. Currently, we have a large population of elderly dogs and consequently, the development of age-related conditions, such as cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Thus, we aimed to identify signs compatible with canine CDS (CDS) in dogs, through investigation of daily behavioral changes. We collected data from review, interaction with other animals, and the behavior of dogs. An observational questionnaire was used to evaluate behavioral changes. The responses generated a summation of points for the classification of dogs with and without signs compatible with CCDS. We also evaluated the interference of behavioral changes in the cohabitation of the owner with his dog. Of the 178 dogs studied, 40 (22.4%) had signs compatible with CCDS, especially those aged ? 10 years (31.4%). There were no statistical correlations with variables of sex, reproductive status, size, and race. Statistical differences were observed regarding the frequency of behavioral changes between dogs with and without CCDS in relation to disorientation, activity, sleep/wake cycle, house/soil, and socioenvironmental interaction. The owners considered that dogs with CCDS alter their daily routine and were favorable to initiating treatment, although with reduced compliance for life-long medication. We conclude that dogs older than 10 years have signs compatible with CCDS regardless of race, sex, reproductive status, and size. They present changes mainly in behavior related to activity, socioenvironmental interaction, sleep/wake cycle, and house soil and, less frequently, the manifestation of disorientation.