Abstract

Like animals plants required nutrients for their growth and existence. Cobalt is also important element for plant and animal growth, however higher levels of Co might have toxic potential. The study was aimed to investigate Co level in samples of forages, soil, and blood plasma of sheep and goat in Bhakkar, Mianwali and Sargodha district. The results showed that district Mianwali excelled in level of Co as compared to Bhakkar and Sargodha. The factors such as bio-concentration factor and pollution load index explained the movement of cobalt along the soil-plant-animal continuum.

Highlights

  • 1.IntroductionThe pollution in the environment such as industrial, agriculture, mining and natural process add many harmful substances in the surrounding and cause many health problems

  • The pollution in the environment such as industrial, agriculture, mining and natural process add many harmful substances in the surrounding and cause many health problems. These toxic substances make the part of food chain and when we study about the contamination impact of these toxic substances we should focus on these livestock which have high exposure to these toxic substances

  • The safe feed product is essential for animal health and welfare as well as human health and healthy feed product reduce the risk of toxicity in animals and human health

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Summary

1.Introduction

The pollution in the environment such as industrial, agriculture, mining and natural process add many harmful substances in the surrounding and cause many health problems These toxic substances make the part of food chain and when we study about the contamination impact of these toxic substances we should focus on these livestock which have high exposure to these toxic substances. Use of fertilizer and wastewater application add trace elements in soil Some of these metals may be toxic while on the other hand some are essential for human, animals and plants [8]. This work will provide baseline information to farmers and animal nutritionists on the seasonality of minerals in soil, plant material and plasma of goat and sheep, which is essential for formulating supplements to improve productivity It will provide a description of mineral levels in goats and sheep for diagnosing deficiencies and toxicities in order to institute corrective or preventive measures. This work was carried out in different districts in Pakistan to evaluate the cobalt profile in soil, forages and ruminants by using specific systematic techniques, and to investigate the mineral deficiencies or excesses which affect the forage yield and animals’ health

Materials and methods
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