Abstract
Risk indicators of peri-implantitis is still contradictory and somehow unclear in present literature therefore efforts should be done for better understanding of the exact etiology of peri-implant disease progression. The present study aimed to assess risk indicators associated with peri-implantitis by observing the changes in several periodontal parameters after implant placement. This cross-sectional study included 213 female and 271 male patients aged 26–87 years, who received 484 titanium implants (Straumann, Switzerland) at King Saud University’s Dental College, Saudi Arabia. Patients were called for dental visits. During these visits; full clinical and radiographic assessment of implants were done. The periodontal pocket depth (PPD) was greater around implants placed at grafted sites than non-grafted sites and around bone-level implants than tissue-level implants. The plaque index (PI) was associated with poor oral hygiene. There was a strong association between graft (yes/no) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Patients with good oral hygiene showed high radiographic bone stability. Keratinized tissue width < 2 mm was associated with a higher PPD, higher PI, higher BOP, more edematous gingiva, and more exposed implant threads on radiography. In patients receiving implants, poor oral hygiene status and inadequate keratinized tissue level can be proposed as risk indicators for developing periimplantitis due to strong association found between them and developments of peri-implantitis.
Highlights
Risk indicators of peri-implantitis is still contradictory and somehow unclear in present literature efforts should be done for better understanding of the exact etiology of peri-implant disease progression
According to new scheme of periodontal and implant diseases c lassification4, peri-implant mucositis is defined as the reversible inflammation of soft tissue surrounding dental implants, whereas peri-implantitis is described as the irreversible form of the inflammatory process due to degeneration of connective tissue between bone and osseointegrated oral implants usually followed by bone r esorption2,4
Further analysis using means of periapical X-rays, 115 (23.76%) revealed peri-implant marginal bone loss, and out of all implants included in present study, 42% sites showed peri-implant-mucositis while 23.76% showed peri-implantitis
Summary
Risk indicators of peri-implantitis is still contradictory and somehow unclear in present literature efforts should be done for better understanding of the exact etiology of peri-implant disease progression. The present study aimed to assess risk indicators associated with peri-implantitis by observing the changes in several periodontal parameters after implant placement. Poor oral hygiene status and inadequate keratinized tissue level can be proposed as risk indicators for developing periimplantitis due to strong association found between them and developments of peri-implantitis. Several studies have shown that microbiota may be different due to the presence of inert materials mainly titanium in the ecological s etting6,7 Another factor which plays major role in microbial changes is the difference of blood supply as well as cytokines surrounding the dental implant comparable to natural tooth
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